Brendan Whitelaw's first author paper, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ is not a predominant regulator of ATP-dependent directed microglial process motility or experience-dependent ocular dominance plasticity, was accepted into eNeuro. It is currently being featured on the eNeuroFeatured Research page until December 14^th.

Congratulations Brendan!

Brendan's summary of the paper:
One of the more striking features about microglia that facilitates their responses in the physiological and pathological brain is their remarkable attraction to ATP, sensed by the P2Y12 receptor. However, the intracellular signaling mediating this directed motility is largely unknown. Whitelaw et al. show that phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) activity is required for ATP-mediated microglial motility. However, PI3K??, the isoform directly activated by G-protein coupled receptors, plays only a subtle modulatory role. Thus, P2Y12 likely activates PI3K indirectly to promote microglial motility. Understanding this signaling pathway could be important for specific targeting of microglial responses.

We would like to congratulate Mark Stoessel from the Majewska Lab for being awarded an F31 grant for "Dynamics and function of cerebellar microglia". The grant runs from September 2020 - September 2023.

We also congratulate Dennisha King, Tori Popov, Mark DuHain, and MaKenna Cealie for their appointments to the new T32 grant.

Congratulations all. Well done.

Let's all send congratulations to our graduate students and faculty for once again being recognized at Convocation.

Graduate Alumni Fellowship Award - Paige Nicklas

Irving L. Spar Fellowship Award - Maleelo Shamambo

J. Newell Stannard Scholarship Award - Michael Giannetto

Merritt and Marjorie Cleveland Fellowship - Victoria Popov

Outstanding Graduate Program Director - Anna Majewska, Ph.D.

Outstanding Graduate Course Director - Robert Stanley Freeman, Ph.D.

Wake up microglia! How brain state regulates immune cells

Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, helps the brain modify its circuits in response to new experiences. In a recent study, we found that microglia helping to rewire the brain may be dependent on whether the organism is awake or asleep.

Historically, neuroscience focused on neurons, the functional cellular units of communication in the brain. However, exciting recent advances in microscopy have revealed the importance of many other cell types in essential brain functions. Amongst these supporting players in the brain are microglia, the immune cells of the brain.

Monique Mendes, Neuroscience

"As a younger black woman who wants to go into science and medicine, I don't have very many people in my life who go into my field of interest, and definitely not many who look like me, so Monique is a role model. She takes away some of the feelings of 'otherness' that I feel in certain situations and serves as a reminder that I can do this and that I do belong. I love that even though I haven't known her long, she's constantly very supportive and encouraging. Even after my time in Rochester came to an end, Monique has periodically checked on me to see how I am progressing. It speaks greatly to her character. Monique is an extremely hard worker who has a compassionate spirit that matches, if not exceeds, her brilliance as a scientist," wrote Sebrena Brink, 2018 MSTP (Medical Scientist Training Program) Summer Scholar.

Congratulations Rianne and Dawling on earning these awards!

The Wallace O. Fenn Award -- Dr. Rianne Stowell (Neuroscience)
Dr. Ania Majewska, Advisor

Dr. Wallace Fenn was a Professor of Physiology at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry from 1924 to 1961. He served as the Chairperson of the Department of Physiology from 1924 to 1959 and thereafter until his death in 1971, he was appointed by the University to the position of Distinguished University Professor of Physiology. As well, Dr. Fenn served as the Associate Dean of Graduate Studies from 1957 to 1959. Click here for full award description.

Rianne's thesis encompassed a large body of work characterizing the dynamics of microglia, and the mechanisms regulating these dynamics in different areas of the brain. It was published in a series of three first author research manuscripts and two reviews. Rianne's work put microglia in the spotlight, as heterogeneous, complex cells that are exquisitely tuned to activity in the brain. One of the main and surprising findings was that their activities are largely carried out in the quiescent or sleeping brain. This has very broad implications for understanding how microglia fit into the larger brain network and for developing novel therapeutics based on microglial function, for many different neurological diseases where microglial function is likely altered. The ideas behind the work are novel, the experiments rigorous and thorough, the implications are wide ranging and have already had a great impact on the field. The work highlights Rianne's strong independent streak and a great work ethic. That, coupled with her innate intellectual abilities and creativity, results in a winning combination that will take her far in the future. This thesis is a great beginning to an incredibly promising scientific journey.

The Vincent du Vigneaud Award -- Dr. Dawling Dionisio-Santos (Neurobiology and Anatomy)
Dr. Kerry O'Banion, Advisor.

This award is conferred by the Office of Graduate Education at the School of Medicine and Dentistry to a graduating student from any program whose thesis is judged superior and unique in potential for stimulating and extending research in the field. The award is given in honor of Vincent du Vigneaud, (1901-1978) who received his Ph.D. in Biochemistry (formerly known as Vital Economics) in 1927 at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, studying on the sulfur component of insulin. Dr. du Vigneaud performed postdoctoral research with the famous John Jacob Abel at The Johns Hopkins University Medical School (1927-1928), at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Dresden Germany, working with Max Bergmann, and at the University of Edinburgh Medical School. He returned to the U.S. to take successive positions as Professor at the University of Illinois and then at George Washington University Medical School. In 1932 he became a Professor at the Cornell Medical School, in New York City, where he remained until retiring to emeritus status in 1967. He accepted an invitation from Dr. Harold Scheraga, head of the Chemistry Department at Cornell University in Ithaca, NY, to move his laboratory to Ithaca. He continued to do research in the Cornell Chemistry Research Building until suffering a stroke in 1974. Click here for full award description.

A graduate of the University of Puerto Rico, Dr. Dawling Dionisio-Santos entered Rochester's Medical Scientist Training (MD-PhD) Program in 2013 and the Neurobiology and Anatomy PhD program in 2015. Dawling's initial work examined the effects of anti-inflammatory cytokine signaling on tau phosphorylation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau phosphorylation is a critical step in the development of neurofibrillary tangles, the pathological hallmark of AD that is most directly related to progression of cognitive deficits. Dawling demonstrated a remarkable inhibition of tau phosphorylation with acute IL-4 treatment that was accompanied by a shift in microglial phenotypes as well as improvements in behavioral endpoints. Motivated by a desire to move his research in a more translational direction, Dawling proposed and then initiated a series of experiments using glatiramer acetate, a drug currently prescribed for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. He discovered that besides reducing amyloid-? plaque levels, glatiramer acetate also reduced tau pathology and improved behavioral performance; thus, demonstrating clear translational relevance for patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Dawling Dionisio-Santos is a talented future physician-scientist with outstanding potential based on his demonstrated ability to carry out complex experiments and analyses, develop new ideas and experiments based on thorough evaluation of the literature, and inspire others with his passion for wanting to better understand neurodegenerative diseases.