URMC / Libraries / Edward G. Miner Library / Resources / Abbreviation Glossary Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols clear Enter text above to narrow down the list of results. Abbreviation/Acronym/Symbol Definition α alpha ; first in a series A accommodation ; acetum; anode; anterior a artery ; before; absorption; acidity; area; arterial; asymmetric A2 aortic second sound Å angstrom unit A-a gradient alveolar to arterial gradient α-h right handed helical form assumed by many proteins αΤα tocopherol (Vitamin E) aa of each; arteries AA amino acid AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm A&O alert and oriented AAS acute abdominal series AB antibody; abortion AAD antibiotic-associated diarrhea AAO alert , awake, and oriented Ab antibody AB abortion abd abdominal/abdomen ABG arterial blood gas ABI ankle-brachial index abl Abelson murine leukemia virus ABLB alternate binaural loudness balance (test) ABO three basic blood groups ABPA allergic broncho pulmonary aspergillosis ABR abortus Bang ring (test); auditory brainstem response ABVD adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine ABX antibiotics AC adrenal cortex; air conduction; alternating current; axiocervical a.c., ac ante cibum, before a meal ac aceytl acc. accommodation A/CA accommodative/convergence accommodation ratio ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor AcG accelerator globulin ACh acetylcholine AChE acetylcholinesterase AChR acetylcholine receptor ACL anterior cruciate ligament ACLS advanced cardiac life support ACP acyl carrier protein ACS acute coronary syndrome ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone AD advance directive ad to; up to ADA American Diabetes Association ADD Attention Deficit Disorder ADE adverse drug effect ADH antidiuretic hormone ADHD attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder ADL, ADLs activities of daily living ad lib. freely; as desired admov. apply ADP adenosine 5' diphosphate ADR adverse drug reaction ad sat. to saturation ADTP alcohol and drug treatment program AE above the elbow (amputation) AECB acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis AED antiepileptic drug; automated external defibrillator AF atrial fibrillation AFB acid-fast bacillus AFP alpha-fetoprotein AFO ankle foot orthosis A/G; A-G albumin/globulin ratio Ag silver; antigen AGC atypical glandular cells AgNO3 silver nitrate ah hypermetropic astigmatism AHF antihemophilic factor AHG antihemophilic globulin AI aortic incompetence; aortic insufficiency AICD automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator AID artificial insemination donor AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIH artificial insemination by husband AK above the knee AKA above knee amputation Al aluminum Ala alanine Alb albumin ALA aminolevulinic acid ALD alcoholic liver disease ALL acute lymphocytic leukemia ALP alkaline phosphatase ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALT alanine aminotransferase alt. dieb. every other day alt. hor. every other hour alt. noc. every other night AM morning Am mixed astigmatism a.m.a. against medical advice amb ambulate AMD aging macular degeneration AMI acute myocardial infarction AML acute myelogenous (myeloblastic) leukemia AMLS Advanced Medical Life Support AMP adenosine monophosphate (adenylic acid) amp ampule; amputation AMS altered mental status; acute mountain sickness ANA antinuclear antibody anat anatomy or anatomic ANC absolute neutrophil count AND axillary node dissection ANF antinuclear factor ANGIO angiography ANNA anti-neuronal nuclear antibody ANOVA anaylsis of variance anuric not producing urine ANP atrial natriuretic peptide ANS autonomic nervous system ant. anterior anti-CCP anticyclic citrullinated peptide ANUG acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Ao. aorta AOB alcohol on breath AODM adult onset diabetes mellitus A-P anterior-posterior; abdominal-perineal A&P auscultation and percussion ap before dinner APA antipernicious anemia (factor) APAP acetaminophen APC atrial premature contraction; antigen presenting cell A-P-C adenoidal pharyngeal conjunctival (virus) APD afferent pupillary defect APPY appendectomy APS adult protective services; antiphospholipid antibody syndrome aPTT activated partial thromboplastin AQ, aq water aq. dest. distilled water aq. frig. cold water ar argon ARB angiotensin receptor blocker ARC AIDS related complex ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome ARF acute renal failure Arg arginine ARMD age-related macular degeneration AROM active range of motion AS ankylosing spondylitis; aortic stenosis; auris sinistra (left ear) As. astigmatism; arsenic ASA acetylsalicylic acid ASAP as soon as possible ASC atypical squamous cells asc. ascending ASCA anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody ASC-US atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance ASCVD atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ASD atrial septal defect AsH hypermetropic astigmatism ASHD arteriosclerotic heart disease ASIA American Spinal Injury Association AsM myopic astigmatism Asn asparagine AST aspartate aminotransferase Ast astigmatism ASU ambulatory surgery unit At astatine ATCC American Type Culture Collection at. wt. atomic weight ATFL anterior talofibular ligament ATL adult T cell leukemia; adult T cell lymphoma atm atmosphere ATN acute tubular necrosis ATP adenosine 5' triphosphate ATPD ambient temperature and pressure, dry ATPS ambient temperature and pressure, saturated Au gold AUC area under the curve A-V; AV; A/V arteriovenous; atrioventricular av. avoirdupois AVM arteriovenous malformation AVN avascular necrosis; atrio-ventricular AV02 arteriovenous oxygen AVP arginine vasopressin AVR aortic valve replacement AVSS afebrile, vital signs stable AW atomic weight ax axis AZP azidothymidine (zidovudine) B boron; bacillus; bilateral; barometric � second in a series b blood; bone B&C board and care Ba barium BAC blood alcohol concentration bandemia slang for elevated level of band forms of white blood cells BADLs basic activities of daily living BAE barium enema BAER brainstem auditory evoked response BAL bronchoalveolar lavage BALB binaural alternate BBB blood-brain barrier; bundle branch block BCC basal cell carcinoma BBT basal body temperature BC bowel care BCAA branched chain amino acids BCG bacille Calmette-Gu�rin BCLS basic cardiac life support BCP birth control pills BD Buerger disease BDR background diabetic retinopathy BE bacterial endocarditis; barium enema Be beryllium BEE basal energy expenditure BET benign essential tremor BHS beta-hemolytic streptococci Bi bismuth BIB brought in by bib. drink bibasilar at the bases of both lungs b.i.d., bid twice a day BIDS brittle hair, impaired intelligence, decreased fertility, and short stature bilat. bilateral b.i.n. twice a night bipap bilevel positive airway pressure BIVAD bi-ventribular assist device BK below the knee; berkelium BKA below the knee amputation BL CX blood culture BLS basic life support BM bone marrow; bowel movement BMD bone mineral density BMI body mass index BMR basal metabolic rate BMS bone marrow suppression BMP basic metabolic panel BMT bone marrow transplantation BNEd Bachelor of Nursing Education BNP brain natriuretic peptide BNSc Bachelor of Nursing Science bol. pill BOM bilateral otis media BP blood pressure; base pair B.P. British Pharmacopeia BPD borderline personality disorder; bi-polar disorder; broncho-pulmonary dysplasia BPF Bachelor of Public Health BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia bpm beats per minute BPV benign positional vertigo BR bed rest; bromine BRAO branch retinal artery occlusion BRAT (diet) banana, rice cereal, applesauce, toast BRB bright red blood BRBPR bright red blood per rectum BRM biologic response modifier BROW barley, rye, oats, and wheat BRP bathroom privileges BRVO branch retinal vein occlusion BS bowel or breath sounds; Bachelor of Science BSA body surface area BSE breast self-examination BSER brainstem evoked response BSN Bachelor of Science in Nursing BSO bilateral salpingo oophorectomy - removal of both ovaries and Fallopian tubes BT bleeding time BTPS body temperature, ambient pressure, saturated (with water vapor) BTU British thermal unit BTX botulinum toxin BUN blood urea nitrogen BUS Bartholin glands, urethra, Skene glands BW birth weight; body weight Bx biopsy C Calorie (kilocalorie); Celsius c calorie (small calorie) c with CA coronary artery; cancer; carcinoma; cardiac arrest; contrast angiography Ca calcium ca. about; approximately; cancer c-a cardioarterial CAA crystalline amino acids CABG coronary artery bypass graft CaCO3 calcium carbonate CAD coronary artery disease CAH chronic active hepatitis Cal large calorie CAM complimentary and alternative medicine cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate CAO conscious, alert, and oriented CAP catabolite (gene) activator protein; community acquired pneumonia cap. capsule CAPD continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis CARDS cardiology C&S culture and sensitivity, performed to detect infection CAT computerized axial tomography; cataract cath catheter CB cerebellar C/B complicated by CBC complete blood count CBD common bile duct; closed bag drainage CBG capillary blood gas; corticosteroid binding globulin CBI continuous bladder irrigation CBRNE chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive agents CBT cognitive behavioral therapy Cbz carbobenzoxy (chloride) CC chief complaint cc cubic centimeter CCB calcium channel blocker CCC central corneal clouding CCE clubbing, cyanosis, edema CCl 4 carbon tetrachloride CCK cholycystectomy CCNU chloroethylcyclo-hexylnitrosourea (lomustine) CCU coronary care unit; critical care unit CCV critical closing volume cd candela Cd cadmium CD compact disc C/D cup to disk ratio CD4 T helper cells CD8 cytotoxic cells CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDI clean dry intact Cdif clostridium difficile cDNA complimentary DNA CDP cytidine 5' diphosphate Ce cerium CEA carcinoembryonic antigen CELO chicken embryo lethal orphan (virus) CEP congenital erythropoietic porphyria CEU continuing education unit Cf calfornium CF cystic fibrosis; complement fixation; coupling factor; Christmas factor CFTR cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator cg centigram CG chorionic gonadotropin CGA catabolite gene activator CGL chronic granulocytic leukemia cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate Ch1 Christchurch (chromosome) ChB Bachelor of Surgery ChD Doctor of Surgery CHD congenital heart disease; coronary heart disease ChE cholinesterase chem panel chemistry panel, a comprehensive screening blood test that indicates status of liver, kidneys, and electrolytes chemo chemotherapy CHF congestive heart failure CHI closed head injury ChM Master of Surgery CHO carbohydrate CI cardiac index; color index; confidence interval Ci curie CIC clean intermittent catheterization CIDP chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy CIE counterimmunoelectrophoresis CIN cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIQ cognitive laterality quotient CIU chronic idiopathic urticaria CIS carcinoma in situ CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease CK creatine kinase CK-MB serum creatine kinase, myocardial-bound Cl chlorine CL cardiolipin CLA clinical laboratory assistant CLIA Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia cm centimeter cM centimorgan CM cardiomegaly Cm curium CMA Certified Medical Assistant CMC carpometacarpal CME continuing medical education CMI cell mediated immunity CML chronic myelogenous leukemia CMO Chief Medical Officer CMP cardiomyopathy; cytidine 5' phosphate CMR chief medical resident c.m.s. to be taken tomorrow morning CMT certified medication technician; certified medical transcriptionist CMV cytomegalovirus; controlled mechanical ventilation c.n. tomorrow night CN cranial nerves CNIS carotid non-invasive study CNM Certified Nurse Midwife CNP Community Nurse Practitioner CNS central nervous system c.n.s. to be taken tomorrow night CO carbon monoxide; cardiac output CO2 carbon dioxide Co cobalt c/o complains of CoA coenzyme A COG center of gravity COLD chronic obstructive lung disease comp. compound; compounded of COMT catechol-O-methyltransferase conA concanavalin A COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COS Chief of Staff COX-2 cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors CP cerebral palsy; cleft palate; chest pain; costophrenic CPAP continuous positive airway pressure CPC clinicopathologic conference CPD cephalopelvic disproportion CPHSS Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale CPK creatine phosphokinase CPM continuous passive motion CPP cerebral perfusion pressure CPPB continuous (or constant) positive pressure breathing CPPD calcium pyrophosphate disease CPPV continuous positive pressure ventilation CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation cps cycles per second CPS child protective services CPT current procedureal terminology CPU chest pain unit Cr chromium; creatinine CR Chief Resident; conditioned reflex; controlled release; crown-rump length CRAO central retinal artery occlusion CRCL creatinine clearance CRD chronic respiratory disease CREST calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia (cluster of features of systemic sclerosis scleroderma) CRF chronic renal failure CRFs cardiac risk factors CRH corticotropin releasing hormone CRI chronic renal insufficiency CRNA Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist CRNP Certified Registered Nurse Practitioner CRP c. reactive protein CRS-R Conners Rating Scales-Revised CRST calcinosis cutis, Raynaud phenomenon, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia (syndrome) CRT Certified Respiratory Therapist CRTS Certified Recreational Therapy Specialist CRVO central retinal vein occlusion Cs cesium CS cardiogenic shock; cesarean section; culture and sensitivity; Chief of Staff CSD catscratch disease CSF cerebrospinal fluid; colony-stimulating factor CSH combat support hospital CSW certified social worker CT computed/computerized tomography CTP cytidine 5' triphosphate CTR cardiothoracic ratio Cu copper CV cardiovascular CVA cardiovascular accident; cerebrovascular accident (stroke); costovertebral angle CVAT CVA tenderness CVC central venous catheter CVP central venous pressure CVRB critical value read back CVS cardiovascular system; chorionic villi sampling c/w consistent with; compared with CX culture CXR chest x-ray Cyd cytidine cyl cylinder; cylindric (lens) CYP cytochrome P-450 (enzyme) Cys cysteine Cyt cytosine Δ delta; change; heat δ delta; heavy chain class corresponding to IgD D diopter; dose; diarrhea; disk; Dalton; deuterium; vitamin D potency of cod liver oil D5/0.9 NaCl 5% dextrose and normal saline solution (0.9% NaCl) D5/� /NS 5% dextrose and half-normal saline solution (0.45% NaCl) D5W 5% dextrose in water d density; right; deci-; day /d per day da deca dA; dAdo deoxyadenosine Da Dalton DA developmental age D & C dilatation and curettage D&E dilatation and evacuation daMP deoxyadenylic acid DANS 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene 5 sulfonic acid DAT diet as tolerated DAW dispense as written dB decibel DB direct bilirubin DBP diastolic blood pressure DC direct current; Doctor of Chiropractic dc discontinue; discharge DCG dacryocystography DCh Doctor of Surgery DCIS ductal carcinoma in situ dCMP deoxycytidylic acid DDS Doctor of Dental Surgery DDx differential diagnosis DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (chlorophenothane) def decayed, extracted, or filled (deciduous teeth) Derm dermatology DES diethylstibestrol det. let it be given DET diethyltryptamine DEV duck embryo vaccine; duck embryo virus DEXA dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry df decayed and filled (deciduous teeth) DF dorsiflexion; decayed and filled (permanent teeth) Df deficiency DFA direct fluorescent antibody DFE dilated fundus examination DFV Doppler flow velocimetry dGMP deoxyguanosine monophosphate DH Dental Hygienist DHEA dehydro-3-epiandrosterone DHT dihydrotestosterone DI diabetes insipidus DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation dieb. alt. every other day dieb. tert. every third day DIF differential; direct immunofluorescence dil. dilute; diluted dim. halved DIP distal interphalangeal joint; desquamative interstitial pneumonia DISIDA (scan) diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid (cholescintigraphy) DJD degenerative joint disease dk deca-, deka DKA diabetic ketoacidosis dL deciliter DM diabetes mellitus DMARD disease-modulating antirheumatic drug DMD Doctor of Dental Medicine; Duchenne muscular dystrophy DME Director of Medical Education dmf decayed, missing, or filled (deciduous teeth) DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide DMT dimethyltryptamine DN dibucaine number DNA deoxyribonucleic acid DNB Diplomate of the National Board (of Medical Examiners) DNC dilation and curettage DNE Director of Nursing Education; Doctor of Nursing Education DNH do not hospitalize DNI do not intubate DNP deoxyribonucleoprotein; 2,4 dinitrophenol DNR do not resuscitate DNS Director of Nursing Service DO Doctor of Osteopathy D/O disorder DOA dead on arrival DOB date of birth DOC deoxycholic acid; deoxycorticosterone DOE dyspnea on exertion DOM 2,5 dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine DON Director of Nursing DOT directly observed therapy DOU direct observation unit DP dorsalis pedis; Doctor of Pharmacy; Doctor of Podiatry Dp duplication of a gene or chromosomal segment DPat diphtheria-acellular pertussis tetanus (vaccine) DPH Doctor of Public Health; Doctor of Public Hygiene Dpharm Doctor of Pharmacy DPI dry powder inhaler DPL diagnositc peritoneal lavage DPM Doctor of Physical Medicine; Doctor of Podiatric Medicine DPN diphosphopyridine nucleotide DPOA durable power of attorney DPT diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (vaccine) DR diabetic retinopathy; degeneration reaction, reaction of degeneration dr. dram Dr. Med Doctor of Medicine DRE digital rectal examination DRG diagnosis-related group DrPH Doctor of Public Health; Doctor of Public Hygiene DRVVT dilute Russell viper venom test DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision D-S Doerfler Stewart (test) DSA digital subtraction angiography DSc Doctor of Science DSD dry sterile dressing dsDNA double-stranded DNA D/T due to dTDP deoxythymidine 5 diphosphate dThd thymidine DTIC dimethyltrizenoimidazole carboxamide (dacarbazine) dTMP deoxythymidylic acid DTP diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine; distal tingling on percussion (Tingel sign) DTPA diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid DTR deep tendon reflex(es) DTs delirium tremens dTTP deoxythymidine 5� triphosphate dT deoxythymidine DU duodenal ulcer dur. dolor while pain lasts DVM Doctor of Veterinary Medicine DVT deep vein thrombosis D5W dextrose 5% in water DWI driving while intoxicated Dx diagnosis Dy dysprosium e epsilon; molar absorption coefficient; heavy chain class corresponding to IgE E eye; Escherichia; exa; extraction (ratio) EAA essential amino acids EB Epstein-Barr virus EBL estimated blood loss EBM evidence-based medicine EBRT external beam radiation therapy EBV Epstein-Barr virus ECD external continence device ECF extended care facility; extracellular fluid ECF-A eosinophilic chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis ECG electrocardiogram, electrocardiograph ECHO echocardiography ECM erythema chronicum migrans ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ECS electrocerebral silence ECT electroconvulsive therapy ED emergency department; effective dose; erythema dose; erectile dysfunction; eating disorder EDC expected date of confinement; (the first word on a prescription), take; prescription; treatment EDD estimated date of delivery (formerly EDC: estimated date of confinement) EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edathamil, editic acid) EEG electroencephalogram EENT eye, ear, nose, and throat EF ejection fraction EFAD essential fatty acid deficiency EGD esophagogastroduodenoscopy EIA enzyme immunosorbent assay EIC epidermal inclusion cyst EJ external jugular EKG electrocardiogram; electrocardiograph EKY electrokymogram ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay elix. elixir Em emmetropia; electron microscopy EMA IgA immunoglobulin A antiendomysial EMC encephalomyocarditis EMF electromotive force EMG electromyogram, electromyography; exomphalos, macroglossia, and gigantism (syndrome) EMS emergency medical service; eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome EMT Emergency Medical Technician EMV eyes, motor, verbal response (Glasgow coma scale) Endo endocrine ENG electronystagmography ENT ear, nose, and throat E/O evidence of EOG electrooculography Eos eosinophils EOM extraocular muscles EP extrapyramidal EPAP expiratory positive airway pressure EPO erythropoeitin EPS extrapyramidal symptoms ER Emergency Room; extended-release; endoplasmic reticulum Er erbium ERBP effective renal blood flow ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERG electroretinogram ERPF effective renal plasma flow ERT estrogen replacement therapy ERV expiratory reserve volume Es einsteinium ESEP extreme somatosensory evoked potential ESI epidural steroid injection ESLD end stage liver disease ESP extrasensory perception ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate; electron spin resonance ESRD end-stage renal disease EST electroshock therapy ESWL extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy ET endotracheal ETT endotracheal tube ET-1 endothelin-1 ETOH, EtOH ethyl alcohol Eu europium EUA examination under anesthesia ev; eV electron volt EWCL extended wear contact lens EX FIX external fixation EX LAP exploratory laparotomy ext. extensor; external; extremities F Fahrenheit; faraday (constant); fertility (factor); field (of vision) flourine f female; frequency F1 first filial generation F1.2 (prothrombin) fragment 1.2 FA fatty acid FAAN Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing Fab fragment of antibody molecule involved in antigen binding FACA Fellow of the American College of Anesthesiology FACAL Fellow of the American College of Allergy FACC Fellow of the American College of Cardiologists FACD Fellow of the American College of Dentists FACFP Fellow of the American College of Family Physicians FACO Fellow of the American College of Otolaryngology FACOG Fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists FACOS Fellow of the American College of Orthopaedic Surgeons FACP Fellow of the American College of Physicians FACR Fellow of the American College of Radiology FACS Fellow of the American College of Surgeons FAD Flavine adenine dinucleotide; familial Alzheimer disease F & E fluid and electrolyte FAMA Fellow of the American Medical Association FANA flourescent antinuclear antibody (test) F&N febrile and neutropenic FAP familial adenomatous polyposis FB foreign body F/B followed by FBS fasting blood sugar Fc constant fragment of an antibody molecule FD fatal dose; focal distance FDA (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration Fe iron FEF forced expiratory flow FEM femoral FENA fractional excretion of sodium FES functional electrical stimulation FET forced expiratory time FEV forced expiratory volume FF filtration fraction FFD focus film distance FFP fresh frozen plasma FHR fetal heart rate FHT fetal heart tone FIA flourescent immunoassay FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization fl. flexor Fld fluid flex sig flexible sigmoidoscopy FLU influenza Fm fermium FMG foreign medical graduate FMN flavin(e) mononucleotide FNA fine needle aspiration FOBT fecal occult blood test FOS full of stool; force of stream FP family practice; family practitioner fps; FPS foot pound second (system, unit) Fr francium; French (gauge scale) FRC functional residual capacity French (catheter gauge) FRF follicle stimulating hormone releasing factor FRS first rank symptom Fru fructose FSG finger stick glucose FSH follicle-stimulating hormone FSH-RF follicle stimulating hormone releasing factor FSH-RH follicle stimulating hormone releasing hormone FTA-ABS fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (test) FTT failure to thrive FU; F/U fluorouracil; follow-up FUO fever of unknown origin FVC forced vital capacity Fx fracture γ gamma; Ostwald solubility coefficient; the third in a series; heavy chain class corresponding to IgG G, g, gm giga; gram; glucose; gravitation (newtonian constant of) G guaiac (followed by + or -) G 1 gap 1 G 2 gap 2 G6P glucose 6 phosphate GA general anesthesia Ga gallium GABA gamma-aminobutyric acid GABAB gamma-aminobutyric acid type B GABHS group- �-hemolytic Streptococcus GABRB3 GABAA receptor gene GAD generalized anxiety disorder garg gargle Gal galactose GAS group A Strep; guaiac all stools GB gallbladder; Guillain-Barr� GBM glioblastoma multiforme GBS group B Strep GC gonococcus or gonorrheal GCS Glasgow coma scale GCSF granulocyte colony stimulating factor GDM gestational diabetes mellitus GDP mannose 1 phosphate guanylyltransferase GDS Geriatric Depression Scale Ge germanium GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease GERI geriatrics GETT general by endotracheal tube GFR glomerular filtration rate GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase GH growth hormone GHB gamma hydroxybutyrate GHRF; GH-RF growth hormone releasing factor GHRH; GH-RH growth hormone releasing hormone GI gastrointestinal; Gingival Index GIB gastrointestinal bleeding GIP gastric inhibitory polypeptide GLC glaucoma; glass liquid chromatography Gln glutamine; glutaminyl Glu glutamicacid; glutamyl Gly glycine; glycyl GMO General Medical Officer GMP guanosine monophosphate (guanylic acid) GMR gallups, murmurs, rubs GMS Gomori (or Grocott) methenamine silver (stain) GN glomerulonephritis; Graduate Nurse GNR gram negative rod GnRH gonadotropin-releasing hormone GOO gastric outlet obstruction GOT glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase) GP general practitioner GPI Gingival Periodontal Index G#P# gravida# para# GP 2b3a glycoprotein 2b/3a inhibitor GPC gram positive coccus G6PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gr grain; 1 grain = 65mg grad by degrees GRAS generally recognized as safe GS gram stain GSH reduced glutathione GSR galvanic skin response GSSG oxidized glutathione GSW gunshot wound GTP guanosine5' triphosphate GTT glucose tolerance test Gt, gtt drops G-tube gastric feeding tube GU genitourinary; gastric ulcer Guo guanosine guttat. drop by drop GVHD graft-versus-host disease GXT graded exercise tolerance (Stress test) Gy gray (unit of absorbed dose of ionizing radiation) GYN gynecology h hecto h Planck constant 1H hydrogen-1 (protium, light hydrogen) 2H hydrogen-2 (deuterium, heavy hydrogen) 3H hydrogen-3 (tritium, radioactive hydrogen) H hydrogen; henry; hyperopia; hyperopic H+ hydrogen ion h, hr hour Ha hahnium HA hyaluronic acid; hemogglutinin H&E hematoxylin and eosin H&H hematocrit and hemoglobin H&P history and physical examination H1N1 hemagglutinin type 1 and neuraminidase type 1 H2 histamine 2 H flu haemophilus influenza HAART highly active antiretroviral therapy HA headache HACE high altitude cerebral edema HAV hepatitis A virus HAPE high altitude pulmonary edema HbA adult hemoglobin HbA1 major component of adult hemoglobin HbA2 minor fraction of adult hemoglobin HbAS heterozygosity for hemoglobin A and hemoglobin S (sickle cell trait) HBcAg Hepatitis B core antigen HbCO carboxyhemoglobin HBc Hepatitis B early antigen HBcAb Hepatitis B early antibody HBcAg Hepatitis B early antigen HbF fetal hemoglobin Hbg hemoglobin HBIG hepatitis B immune globulin HBO hyperbaric oxygen HbO2 oxyhemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin HbS sicle cell hemoglobin HBsAb hepatitis B surface antibody HBsAg hepatitis B surface antigen HBP high blood pressure HBV hepatitis B virus HCC hepatocellular carcinoma HCFA Health Care Financing Administration HCG human chorionic gonadotropin HCI hydrochloric acid; hydrochloride HCL hard contact lens HCM health care maintenance HCP health care professional HCS human chorionic somatomammotropin HCT, Hct hematocrit HCV hepatitis C virus h.d. at bedtime HD hearing distance HDL high-density lipoprotein HDRV human diploid (cell strain) rabies vaccine HDV hepatitis D He helium HEENT head, eye, ear, nose, and throat HELLP hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets HEME/ONC hematology/oncology HEMPAS hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity associated with positive acidified serum HEPA high-efficiency particulate air HER2 human EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor 2 HEV hepatitis E HF hafnium HF heart failure HFJV high frequency jet ventilation Hg mercury hgb hemoglobin HE human granulocytic ehrlichiosis HGH human (pituitary) growth hormone HGSIL high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion H/H Henderson-Hasselbach equation or hemoglobin/hematocrit HI homicidal ideation; hemagglutination inhibition (test, titer) 5-HIAA hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (scan) Hib Haemophilus influenzae type B HIDA hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (cholescintigraphy) HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act His; -His; His- histidine; histidino; histidyl HIT heparin induced thrombocytopenia HIV human immunodeficiency virus HJR hepatojugular reflex HL heparin lock; hyperopia latent HLA human leukocyteantigen; histocompatibility locus antigen Hm hyperopia, manifest (hypermetropia) HME human monocytic ehrlichiosis HMG CoA 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A HMO Health Maintenance Organization HMWK high molecular weight kininogen (Fletcher factor) ho holmium h/o history of HOB head of bed HOCM hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy HOH hard of hearing HONK hyperosmolar non-ketotic state H2O water H2O2 hydrogen peroxide hor. decub. bedtime hor. som, h.s. bedtime HPF high power field HPI history of present illness HPL human placental lactogen HPLC high performance liquid chromatography HPV human papillomavirus HR heart rate HRCT high-resolution computed tomography HRT hormone replacement therapy HS at bedtime HSIL high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion HSM hepatosplenomegaly HSV herpes simplex virus 5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine (seratonin) Ht hyperopia, total HTLV-III human T lymphotropic virus type III HTN hypertension HU holding unit HUS hemolytic uremic syndrome HVL half value layer hx, Hx history Hy hyperopia Hyp hydroxyproline Hz hertz (cycles per second) I iodine I+ with ionic contrast (in reference to a CAT scan) I- without ionic contrast (in reference to a CAT scan) 131I radioactive isotope of iodine (atomic weight 131) 132I radioactive isotope of iodine (atomic weight 132) IA intra-articular I&D incision and drainage I&O intake and output IABP intra-aortic balloon pump IADLs instrumental activities of daily living IAP intermittent acute porphyria IBD inflamatory bowel disease IBS inflamatory bowel syndrome IBW ideal body weight IC inspiratory capacity ICA internal carotid artery ICD implantable cardioverter defibrillator; International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization ICDA International Classification of Diseases Adapted for use in the United States ICF intracellular fluid ICH intracranial hemorrhage ICP intracranial pressure ICS intercostal space ICSH interstitial cell-stimulating hormone ICU intensive care unit Id. the same ID infectious disease or identification IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus IDM infants of diabetic mothers IDU idoxuridine; injection/injection drug user IED improvised explosive device IF initiation factor; intrinsic factor IFN interferon Ig immunoglobulin IgE immunoglobulin E IGF insulinlike growth factor IgG immunoglobulin G IH inguinal hernia (usually preceded by L or R) IHSS idiopathic hypertropic subaortic stenosis IJ internal jugular IL interleukin; indirect laryngoscopy IL-1 interleukin 1 IL-8 interleukin 8 ILA insulinlike activity ILD interstitial lung disease Ile isoleucine IM intramuscular; internal medicine; infectious mononucleosis IMI inferior myocardial infarction IMP impression; inosine monophosphate (inosinic acid) IMV intermittent mandatory ventilation In indium in d. daily IND investigational new drug INF interferon inf. inferior inj. injection Ino inosine INR international normalized ratio instill. instillation int. internal in vitro in the laboratory in vivo in the body IOL intraocular lens IOML infraorbitomeatal line IOP intraocular pressure IP interphalangeal; intraperiotoneal(ly) IPAP inspiratory positive airway pressure IPF idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis IPPB intermittent positive pressure breathing IPPV intermittent positive pressure ventilation IPV inactive poliovirus vaccine IQ intelligence quotient Ir iridium IR interventional radiology; internal rotation IRBBB incomplete right bundle branch block IRB indications risks benefits; institutional review board IRDM insulin resistant diabetes mellitus IRV inspiratory reserve volume ISI International Sensitivity Index IT interthecal; information technology ITP idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura I.U. a international unit IUCD intrauterine contraceptive device IUD intrauterine device IUFD intrauterine fetal death IUP intrauterine pregnancy IV intravenous IVC intravenous cholangiogram or inferior vena cava IVDA intravenous drug abuse IVDU intravenous drug use IVF intravenous fluids; in vitro fertilization IVP intravenous pyelogram J flux (density) J joule JMS Junior Medical Student JNC 7 The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure JODM juvenile onset diabetes mellitus JP Jackson Pratt drain JRA juvenile rheumatoid arthritis jt. joint J-tube jejunal feeding tube JVD jugular venous distention JVP jugular venous pressure K potassium; kelvin k kilo KAFO knee ankle foot orthosis kat katal kb kilobase kc kilocycle Kcal kilocalories KCL potassium chloride KCT kaolin clotting time kg kilogram KI potassium iodine KJ knee jerk Km Michaelis constant KOH potassium hydroxide KOR keep open rate KP keratic precipitate Kr krypton 17-KS 17-ketosteroid KS Kaposi sarcoma KT kinesio therapy or kinesiotherapist KUB kidney, ureter, and bladder kv kilovolt KVO keep vein open kVp kilovolt peak KW Kimmelstiel Wilson (disease); Keith Wagener (retinal changes) L liter; left L:S R lecithin: spingomyelin ratio La lanthanum LA left atrium LAD left anterior descending (coronary artery) L&D labor and delivery lab laboratory LAC laceration LAD left axis deviation or left anterior descending LAE left atrial enlargement LAHB left anterior hemiblock LAO left anterior oblique (coronary artery) LAP left atrial pressure; leukocyte alkaline phosphatase; leucine aminopeptidase LAR low anterior resection lat lateral LATS long acting thyroid stimulator lb pound LBBB left bundle branch block LBO large bowel obstruction LBP low back pain LBT lupus band test LBW low birth weight LC lethal concentration LCA left coronary artery LCAT lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase LCL lateral collateral ligament LCM left costal margin; lymphocytic choriomeningitis (virus) LCX left circumflex (coronary artery) LD50 lethal dose, median LDH lactate dehydrogenase LDL low-density lipoprotein LE lower extremity; lupus erythematosus LEEP loop electrosurgical excision procedure LENIS lower extremity non-invasive study LES lower esophageal sphincter LETS large external transformation sensitive (fibronectin) Leu leucine LFA left frontoanterior (fetal position) LFP left frontoposterior (fetal position) LFT liver function test LGA large for gestational age LGSIL low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion LGV lymphogranuloma venereum LH luteinizing hormone LH-RF luteinizing hormone releasing factor LH-RH luteinizing hormone releasing hormone LHC left heart cath Li lithium LIH left inguinal hernia lig ligament LIMA left internal mammary artery liq. liquid; fluid LLE left lower extremity LLL left lower lobe LLQ left lower quadrant LM left main coronary artery LMA laryngeal mask airway LMD local medical doctor LMN lower motor neuron LMP last menstrual period LMT left mentotransverse (fetal position) LMWH low molecular weight heparin LN lymph node; liquid nitrogen LND lymph node dissection LNMP last normal menstrual period LNPF lymph node permeability factor LOA lysis of adhesions LOC level/loss of consciousness LOP left occipitoposterior (fetal position) LOT left occipitotransverse (fetal position) LP lumbar puncture LPF low power field LPH lipotropic pituitary hormone (lipotropin) LPN licensed practical nurse Lr lawrencium LR lactated Ringer (solution) LRCP Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians LRCS Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons LRH luteinizing hormone releasing hormone LS lumbro-sacral LSA left sacroanterior (fetal position) LSD lysergic acid diethylamide LSIL low-grade squamous epithelial lesion LSP left sacroposterior (fetal position) LST left sacrotransverse (fetal position) LT light touch LTD lowest tolerated dose LTH luteotropic hormone LTM long-term memory LTR long terminal repeat Lu lutetium LUE left upper extremity LUL left upper lobe LUQ left upper quadrant LUTS lower urinary tract symptoms LV left ventricle LVAD left ventricular assist device LVEDP left ventricular end diastolic pressure LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction LVET left ventricular ejection time LV FXN left ventricular function LVH left ventricular hypertrophy LVN licensed vocational nurse Lys lysine (or its radicals in peptides) LYTES electrolytes � mu; micro; heavy chain class corresponding to IgM �Ci microcurie �Eq microequivalent �g microgram �L microliter �m micrometer �� micromicro M master; medicine; mega; molar; thousand; muscle; myopic m male; mass; meter; minim; mole; meta; muscle M + AM compound myopic astigmatism M&M morbidity and mortality mA milliampere MA mental age; Master of Arts; Medical Assistant MAA macroaggregated albumin Mab monoclonal antibody MAC monitored anesthesia care; Mycobacterium avium complex MAI Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare MAO monoamine oxidase MAOB monoamine oxidase-B MAOI monoamine oxidase inhibitor man. prim. first thing in the morning MAP mean arterial pressure; morning after pill mA-S milliampere second MAST medical/military antishock trousers MAT Miller Analogies Test Mb myoglobin MBC maximum breating capacity MbCO carbon monoxided myglobin MBD minimal brain dysfunction MbO2 oxymyoglobin MBT maternal blood type mc; mCi millicurie MC Medical Corp mcg microgram MCH mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration MCL medial collateral ligament MCP metacarpal-phalangeal MCV mean corpuscular volume MD Doctor of Medicine; muscular dystrophy Md mendelevium MDI metered-dose inhaler MDR multi-drug resistant MDRTB multi-drug resistant tuberculosis ME Medical Examiner Me methyl MED minimum effective dose med medial Med Tech Medical Technician; Medical Technologist MEDLARS Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System MEDS medicines MELD Model for End-Stage Liver Disease mEq milliequivalent mEq/L milliequivalent per liter ME ratio myeloid/erythroid ratio MEP maximal expiratory pressure MeSH Medical Subject Headings Met methionine MET metabolic equivalent of task metHb methemoglobin metMb metmyoglobin MEV million electron volts (106 ev) MFN maternal-fetal medicine MG myasthenia gravis Mg magnesium MgSO4 magnesium sulfate mg milligram MHC major histocompatibility complex mho siemens unit MHz megahertz MI myocardial infarction; mitral insufficiency MICU medical intensive care unit MID minimum infective dose MIDCAB minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass MIP maximum inspiratory pressure mist. a mixture MK menaquinone (vitamin K2) mks, MKS meter kilogram second (system unit) ml milliliter MLD minimum lethal dose MLE midline episiotomy MLF medial longitudinal fasciculus MM mucous membrane; multiple myeloma mm millimeter mm Hg millimeters of mercury MMEF maximal mid expiratory flow mMol millimole MMP multiple medical problems MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (test) MMR measles-mumps-rubella (vaccine) MMSE Mini-Mental Status Examination Mn manganese Mo molybdenum MOC Medical Officer on Call MOD Medical Officer of the Day mol mole mol wt molecular weight MOM milk of magnesia MOPP Mustargen (mechlorethamine hydrocholoride), Oncovin (vincristine sulfate), procarbazine hydrochloride, and prednisone mor. dict. as directed mor. sol. as accustomed MPC maximum permitted concentration MPD maximal permissible dose MPH Master of Public Health MPN most probable number MPS mononuclear phagocyte system mr milk ring (test); milliroentgen; mitral regurgitation Mr molecular (weight) ratio MRA magnetic resonance angiography MRCP magnetic resonance cholangio pancreatography mrd; MRD minimal reacting dose MRgFUS MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery MRI magnetic resonance imaging MRSA methicillin resistant staph aureus MS mitral stenosis; multiple sclerosis; Master of Science MS I, II, III, IV medical student: first, second, third, and fourth year msec millisecond m/sec meters per second MSH melanocyte stimulating hormone MSM men who have sex with men MSN Master of Science in Nursing MSSA methicillin-sensitive staph aureus MT Medical Technologist; Medical Transcriptionist; Monitor Technician MTP metatarsalphalangeal (joint) Mu Mache unit MUGA multiple gated acquisition (imaging) MUSE medicated urethral system erection MV mitral valve mV millivolt MVA motor vehicle accident MVE Murray Valley encephalitis (virus) MVI multivitamin injection MVP mitral valve prolapse MVR mitral valve replacement MVV maximum voluntary ventilation MW molecular weight My myopia ν nu; kinematic viscosity N Newton; nitrogen; normal (concentration) n nerve; nausia; index of refraction; nano N/A not applicable Na sodium NAA nucleic acid amplification NABS normal active bowel sounds NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; no apparent (acute) distress NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form) NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form) NADP nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized form) NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) NAME nevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid neurofibromas, and ephelides (syndrome) NANDA North American Nursing Diagnosis Association NAS no added salt n.b. note well nb niobium NCAT normocephalic atraumatic NCV nerve conduction velocity nCi nanocurie NCS nerve conduction study NCV nerve conduction velocity Nd neodymium NDC National Drug Code Nd:YAG neodymium:yttriium-aluminum-garnet (laser) NDA New Drug Application Ne neon NE norepinephrine; not examined NEB nebulizer NED no evidence of recurrent disease NEEP negative end expiratory pressure NF National Formulary NG, ng nasogastric; nanogram NGF nerve growth factor (antigen) NGT nasogastric tube NGU non-gonoccocal urethritis NH nursing home NH3 ammonia NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Ni nickel NICU neonatal intensive care unit NIDDM noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus NIF negative inspiratory force NIH National Institutes of Health NK natural killer NKA no known allergies NKDA no known drug allergies NLM National Library of Medicine nm nanometer NMDA N-methyl D-aspartate NMJ neuromuscular junction NMN nicotinamide mononucleotide NMR nuclear magnetic resonance NMS neuroleptic malignant syndrome nn nerves No nobelium noct. in the night noct. maneq. night and morning non rep; n.r. do not repeat NOS not otherwise specified NP nurse practitioner Np neptunium NPN nonprotein nitrogen NPO; n.p.o. nothing by mouth NRC normal retinal correspondence NREM nonrapid eye movement (sleep) NRM no regular medications nRNA nuclear RNA NS normal saline NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSBGP non-specific bowel gas pattern NSCLCA non-small cell lung cancer NSR normal sinus rhythm NT nasotracheal NTD nothing to do NUCS nuclear medicine NUG necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis N&V, N/V nausea and vomiting NYHA New York Heart Association Ω omega; ohm o- ortho O eye; opening; oxygen; pint O2 oxygen OA osteoarthritis O&P ovum and parasites OAV oculoauriculovertebral (dysplasia, syndrome) OB obstetrics; occult blood (followed by + or -) OB/GYN obstetrics and gynecology OBS organic brain syndrome OC oral contraceptive OCD obsessive-compulsive disorder OCG oral cholecystogram OCP oral contraceptive pill OD Doctor of Optometry; Officer of the Day; overdose O.D. right eye; overdose ODD oculodentodigital (dysplasia, syndrome) Oe oersted (centimeter gram second unit of magnetic field strength) OE otitis externa OFD orofaciodigital (dysostosis, syndrome) OKT Ortho-Kung T (cell) ol. oil OLT orthotopic liver transplant OM otitis media OML orbitomeatal line om. mane vel noc. every morning or night OMM ophthalmomandibulomelic (dysplasia syndrome) omn. hor. every hour omn. noct. every night OmPC outer membrane porin C OMS organic mental syndrome ON optic nerve; over night OOB out of bed OOP out of plaster OP opening pressure; osmotic pressure; outpatient O/P oropharynx OPD outpatient department OPV oral polio vaccine OR operating room ORD optical rotatory dispersion ORIF open reduction with/and internal fixation ORL oto-rhino laryngology Orn ornithine (or its radical) Oro orotate; orotic acid Os osmium O.S. left eye OSA obstructive sleep apnea OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration OT occupational therapy OTC over-the-counter OTD out the door OU each eye; both eyes O/W otherwise OXT oxytocin oz ounce P, p melting point p after; pulse; pending; pico; pupil P2 pulmonic second sound P para; partial; peta; phosphorus; plasma; pressure 32P phosphorus-32 P1 first parental generation P-A; PA; pa; Pa placenta abruption; posteroanterior; Physician's Assistant; pulmonary artery; pascal; protactinium PABA para-aminobenzoic acid (vitamin B10) Paco2 partial pressure of carbon dioxide in alveolar gas PAC premature atrial contraction PACU postanesthesia care unit PAD peripheral arterial disease PAF platelet-aggregating (or platelet-activating) factor PAH paraaminohippuric (acid) PALS pediatric advanced life support P-ANCA perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody PAO 2 alveolar oxygen partial pressure PaO2 peripheral arterial oxygen content; partial pressure of arterial oxygen Pap, Pap test Papanicolaou smear PAP pulmonary artery pressure part. vic in divided doses PAS para aminosalicylic (acid), periodic acid Schiff (reagent) PASA para aminosalicylic acid PAT paroxysymal atrial tachycardia P&PD percussion and postural drainage Pb lead PBC primary billiary cirrhosis PBG porphobilinogen PBI protein-bound iodine p.c. after meals PCA patient-controlled analgesia PCB polychlorinated biphenyl PCI percutaneous coronary intervention PCKD polycystic kidney disease PCL posterior cruciate ligament PCM pacemaker PCOD polycystic ovarian disease Pco 2 carbon dioxide pressure PCOS polycystic ovarian syndrome PCP phyncyclidine; plasma cell pneumonia; pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; primary care physician; primary care provider PCR polymerase chain reaction PCT percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography PCWP pulmonary capillary wedge pressure Pd palladium PD interpupillary distance; Parkinson disease; peritoneal dialysis pd prism diopter; pupillary distance PDA patent ductus arteriosus; posterior descending artery PDGF platelet derived growth factor PDLL poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma PDR Physicians' Desk Reference PE physical examination; pulmonary embolism PEEP positive end expiratory pressure PEFR peak expiratory flow rate PEG percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy per through or by PERRLA pupils equal, regular, react to light and accommodation PET positron emission tomography PF peak flow; plantar flexion PF4 platelet factor 4 PFO patent foramen ovale PFP, P4P pay for performance PFT pulmonary function test pg picogram PG prostaglandin PGA prostaglandin A PGB prostaglandin B PGE prostaglandin E PGF prostaglandin F pH hydrogen ion concentration PH pin hole Ph phenyl Ph1 Philadelphia (chromosome) PHA phytohemagglutinin (antigen) Pharm; Phar. pharmacy Pharm D Doctor of Pharmacy PhD Doctor of Philosophy Phe phenylalanine (or its radical) PHG German Pharmacopeia PhG Graduate in Pharmacy PHN Public Health Nurse; postherpetic neuralgia PI present illness; previous illness; pulmonic insufficiency disease PICC peripherally inserted central catheter PID pelvic inflammatory disease PIF prolactin inhibiting factor PIH pregnancy-induced hypertension pil. pill PIP proximal interphalangeal PIPDA (scan) 99mTc-para-isopropylacetanilido-iminodiaacetic acid (cholescintigraphy) pK negative logorithm of the ionization constant (Ka) of an acid PKU phenylketonuria PLT platelets pm picometer PM afternoon/evening; post mortem PMD primary medical doctor PMH past medical history PMI point of maximal impulse; point of maximum intensity PMN polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes PMRS physical medicine and rehabilitation service PMS premenstrual syndrome PN progress note; Practical Nurse PNA pneumonia PNBX prostate needle biopsy PND paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea PNH paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria PNS peripheral nervous system PNP platelet neutralization procedure PNPB positive negative pressure breathing PNS peripheral nervous system Po polonium PO; p.o. orally, by mouth PO2 partial pressure of oxygen POD post op day POEMS polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal protein, and skin changes (syndrome) POLST physician orders for life-sustaining therapy POMP prednisone, Oncovin (vincristine sulfate), methotrexate, and Purinethol (6-mercaptopurine) POP popliteal POR problem-oriented (medical) record post. posterior PP placenta previa; postprandial or pulsus paradoxus; pyrophosphate PPD purified protein derivative (TB test) PPI proton pump inhibitor PPLO pleuropneumonia like organism ppm parts per million PPMS primary progressive multiple sclerosis PPN peripheral parenteral nutrition PPPPP pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis PPO 2,5-diphenyloxazole PPS post-polio syndrome PPTL post partum tubal ligation PPV positive pressure ventilation Pr praseodymium; presbyopia p.r. through the rectum PRA plasma renin activity PRBCs packed red blood cells PRF prolactin releasing factor PRL prolactin p.r.n. as needed Pro proline (or its radicals) pro time/PT prothrombin time PROM passive range of motion; premature rupture of membranes PS pulmonic stenosis PSA prostate-specific antigen PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis PSH past surgical history psi pounds per square inch PSV prostate-specific antigen PT prothrombin time; physical therapy Pt platinum; patient pt pint PTA prior to admission; peritonsilar abscess; plasma thromboplastin antecedent PTAH phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTH parathyroid hormone Pthal persantine thallium PTHC percutanous transhepatic cholangiogram PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder PTT partial thromboplastin time PTU prophylthiouracil PTX pneumothorax Pu plutonium PUO pyrexia of unknown origin PUBS percutaneous umbilical blood sampling PUPP pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy PUD peptic ulcer disease PUVA (oral administration of) psoralen (and subsequent exposure to ) ultraviolet light of A wavelength p.v. through the vagina; polycythemia vera; portal vein Pvax pneumococcal vaccination PVC premature ventricular contraction; polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone) PVD peripheral vascular disease PVR peripheral vascular resistance q every Q coulomb; volume of blood flow qAM each morning Qco2 microliters CO2 given off per milligram of dry weight of tissue per hour q.d. every day QFT-G QuantiFERON-TB Gold q.h. every hour q.2h. every 2 hours q.3h. every 3 hours q.4h. every 4 hours QHS every night q.i.d. a four times a day q.l. as much as wanted qns quantity not sufficient Qo; Qo2 oxygen consumption q.o.d. a every other day q.p. as much as desired qPM each evening q.s. as much as needed; quantity sufficient Qs/Qt shunt fraction Qt total cardiac output qt quart q.v. as much as you please R right; gas constant (8.315 joules); (organic) radical; Reamur (scale); resistance; resolution; respiration; respiratory r racemic; roentgen RA rheumatoid arthritis; right atrium Ra radium RAD right atrial axis deviation rad radiation absorbed dose RAE right atrial enlargement RAI radioactive iodine RAIU radioactive iodine uptake RAP right atrial pressure RAS reticular activating system RAST radioallergosorbent test RAV Rous-associated virus RAW resistance, airway Rb rubidium R/B referred by; relieved by RBBB right bundle branch block RBC red blood cell; red blood count RBF renal blood flow RBP retinol-binding protein RCA right coronary artery RCC renal cell cancer RCM right costal margin RCT randomized controlled trial; rotator cuff tear RD Raynaud disease; reaction of degeneration; reaction of denervation; Registered Dietitian RDA recommended daily/dietary allowance RDH Registered Dental Hygienist RDI respiratory disturbance index rDNA ribosomal DNA RDS respiratory distress syndrome RDW red cell distribution width RE right eye; right ear Re rhenium REB rebound rem roentgen equivalent, man REM rapid eye movement; reticular erythematous mucinosis rep roentgen equivalent, physical RF release factor; rheumatoid factor; risk factor RFA radio frequency ablation; right femoral artery; right frontoanterior (fetal position) RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism RFP right frontoposterior (fetal position) RFT renal function test; right frontotransverse (fetal position) Rh rhesus factor; rhodium RH releasing hormone RHC right heart cath RHD rheumatic heart disease Rheum rheumatology R/I rule in RIA radioimmunoassay Rib ribose RIG rabies immunoglobulin RIH right inguinal hernia RIMA right internal mammary artery RLE right lower extremity RLL right lower lobe RLQ right lower quadrant RMA right mentoanterior (fetal position) RML right middle lobe of lung RMP right mentposterior (fetal position) RMT right mentotransverse (fetal position) Rn radon RN Registered Nurse RNA ribonucleic acid; Registered Nurse Anesthetist Rnase ribonuclease RNC Registered Nurse Certified RNEF radionuclide ejection fraction RNP Registered Nurse Practitioner; ribonucleoprotein R/O rule out ROA right occipitoanterior (fetal position) ROM range of motion ROMI rule out myocardial infarction ROP right occipitoposterior (fetal position) ROS review of systems ROT right occipitotransverse (fetal position) RP Registered Pharmacist; retinitis pigmentosa RPG retrograde pyelogram RPF renal plasma flow RPGN rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis RPh Registered Pharmacist RPLND retroperitoneal lymph node dissection RPM revolutions per minute RPMS relapsing-progressive multiple sclerosis RPR rapid plasma reagin RQ respiratory quotient RR recovery room; respiratory rate; relative risk RRMS relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis rRNA ribosomal RNA RRP radical retropubic prostatectomy RRR regular rate and rhythm; relative risk reduction Rs resolution RS respiratory synctial (virus) RSA right sacroanterior (fetal position) RSD reflex sympathetic dystrophy RSP right sacroposterior (fetal positon) RST right sacrotransverse (fetal position) RSV respiratory syncytial virus; Rous sarcoma virus RT radiation therapy; respiratory therapy; Radiologic Technologist; Registered Technologist; Respiratory Therapist R/T related to RTA renal tubular acidosis RTC return to clinic RTE renal tubular epithelium rTMP ribothymidylic acid Ru ruthenium RU resin uptake RUE right upper extremity RUG retrograde urethogram RUL right upper lobe RUQ right upper quadrant RV residual volume; right ventricle RVAD right ventricular assist device RVEF right ventricular ejection fraction RVG right ventriculogram RVH right ventricular hypertrophy RVR rapid ventricular response Rx treatment s sigma; reflection coefficient; standard deviation; 1 millisecond; half; steady state S mark; saturation of hemoglobin (percentage of) (followed bysubscript o2 or co2); siemens; spheric; sulfur s sine; without S. sacral S1 first selfing generation S-A; S/A; SA sinoatrial SAA synthetic amino acid SAAG serum ascites albumin gradient S&E sugar and acetone SAB spontaneous abortion SAD seasonal affective disorder SAH sub-arachnoid hemorrhage Sao2 oxygen saturation (of) arterial (oxyhemoglobin) SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome SB small bowel Sb antimony SBE subacute bacterial endocarditis SBFT small bowel follow through SBO small bowel obstruction SBP systolic blood pressure SBS short bowel syndrome SC, sc, s.c. subcutaneous(ly); sternoclavicular Sc scandium SCCA squamous cell cancer SCI spinal cord injury SCL soft contact lens SCLCA small cell lung cancer SCr serum creatinine ScD Doctor of Science SCID severe combined immunodeficiency SD standard deviation; streptodornase SDA specific dynamic action SDAT senile dementia of the Alzheimer type S.E. standard error Se selenium SEM systolic ejection murmur Sed rate sedimentation rate semih. half an hour Ser serine SERM selective estrogen receptor modulator Sf Svedberg flotation (constant, unit) SFA superficial femoral artery SFV superficial femoral vein SG Swan Ganz SGA small for gestational age SGGT serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase SGOT serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase SGPT serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase SI international system of units Si silicon SIADH syndrome of inappropriate diuretic hormone SID source-to-image (-receptor) distance SIDS sudden infant death syndrome Sig. write on label; affix a label, inscribe SIMV spontaneous/sychronous intermittent mandatory ventilation SIRD sourct-to-image-receptor distance SIRS systemic inflammatory response syndrome SISI smal increment (or short increment) sensitivity index (test) SJS Stevens-Johnson syndrome SK seborrheic keratosis; streptokinase sl sublingual SLE systemic lupus erythematosus SLP speech-language pathology SLR straight leg raise Sm samarium SMO slips made out SMS Senior Medical Student Sn tin SN Student Nurse SNF skilled nursing facility SNRI serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor SNS sympathetic nervous system SOAP subjective, objective, assessment plan (problem oriented medical record) SOB shortness of breath sol; soln solution, dissolved s.o.s. if necessary SP Speech Pathologist S/P no change after; status post SPA single proton absorptiometry SPCA serum prothrombin conversion accelerator (factor VII) SPECT single-photon emission computed tomography SPEP serum protein electro-pheresis sp gr specific gravity SPF skin protection factor sph spherical spm suppression and mutation SPMS secondary progressive multiple sclerosis spp. species spt. spirit s.q.; SQ subcutaneous(ly) Sr strontium SRF somatotropin releasing factor SRF-A slow reacting factor of anaphylaxis SRIF somatotropin-release-inhibiting factor sRNA soluble RNA SRS slow-reacting substance (of anaphylaxis) SRS-A slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis ss a half s/s signs and symptoms ssDNA single stranded DNA SSI sliding scale insulin ssp. subspecies SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor SSS sick sinus syndrome st. let it/them stand ST scapulothoracic Staph Staphylococcus stat. immediately STD sexually transmitted disease STEL short term exposure limit STH somatotropic hormone STI sexually transmitted infection STM short-term memory STPD standard temperature (0� C) and pressure (760 mmHg absolute), dry Strep Streptococcus STS serologic test for syphilis STU skin test unit STX stricture sup. superior supf. superficial SV stroke volume; supraventricular; sievert (unit) SVC superior vena cava SVD spontaneous vaginal delivery SVG saphenous vein graft SVT supraventricular tachycardia SW social worker Sx symptoms syr. syrup Sz; SZR seizure t metric ton t temperature (Celcius); tritium T temperature; absolute (Kelvin); tension (intraocular); tera; tesla; tetanus (toxoid); tidal (volume); tocopherol; transverse (tubule); tritium; tumor (antigen) T! decreased tension (pressure) T+ increased tension (pressure) T3 triiodothyronine T4 tetraiodothyronine; thyroxine T6 thoracic nerve pair 6 TA toxin-antitoxin Ta tantalum TAA thoracic aortic aneurysm T&A tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy T&C type and cross T&H type and hold T&S type and screen TAB threatened abortion; therapeutic abortion; tablet TAC transient aplastic crisis TAD transient acantholytic dermatosis TAF tumor angiogenesis factor TAH total abdominal hysterectomy TAR thrombocytopenia with absent radii (syndrome) TAT thematic apperception test T.A.T. toxin-antitoxin TB tuberculin; tuberculosis; tubercle bacillus Tb terbium TBG total binding globulin; thyroid-binding globulin TBP thyroxine-binding protein TBV total blood volume Tc technetium 99mTM technetium 99m TC current temperature TCA tricarboxylic acid; trichloracetic acid; tricyclic antidepressant TCC transitional cell cancer TCN talocalcaneonavicular (joint) Td tetanus-diptheria toxoid; tardive dyskinesia TDP ribothymidine 5' diphosphate t.d.s. to be taken three times daily TDWBAT touch down weight bearing as tolerated Te tellurium; tetanus TEDD total end-diastolic diameter TEE transesophageal echocardiogram TEN toxic epidermal necrolysis TENS transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation TESD total end-systolic diameter TFCI transient focal cerebral ischemia TFs tube feeds TG thyroglobulin; tryglycerides Th thorium THA total hip arthroplasty THC tetrahydrocannabinol Thr threonine (or its radicals) THR total hip replacement Ti titanium TIA transient ischemic attack TIBC total iron-binding capacity t.i.d. three times a day TIG tetanus immune globulin t.i.n. three times a night tinct., tr tincture TIPS transvenous intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt ti/ttot duty cycle TKA total knee arthroplasty TKO to keep open TKR total knee replacement Tl thallium TLC, tlc tender loving care; thin layer chromatography; total lung capacity; triple lumen catheter TLV threshold-limit value tm temperature midpoint (Celsius) Tm thulium; tubular maximal (excretory capacity of kidneys) TM tympanic membrane; transport maximum TMJ temporomandibular joint TMN tumor metastases nodes (universal tumor staging system) TMP ribothymidine 5' monophosphate TMT tarsometatarsal TMV tobacco mosaic virus Tn (ocular) tension; (intraoccular) tension normal TN trigeminal nerve TNF tumor necrosis factor TNF-I tumor necrosis factor inhibitor TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha TNM tumor-node-metastasis (tumor staging) TNT trinitrotoluene TNTC too numerous to count TNTM too numerous to mention TO telephone order TOA tubo-ovarian abscess top. topically TOPV trivalent oral polio vaccine TORB telephone order read back TORCH toxoplasmosis, other, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex (maternal infections) TOX toxicology TOXO toxoplasmosis TP total protein TPA; t-PA tissue plasminogen activator TPHA Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (test) TPI Treponema pallidum immobilization test for syphilis TPN total parenteral nutrition TPO thyroid peroxidase TPR temperature, pulse, and respiration TR tricuspid regurgitation tr, tinct. tincture TRAP criteria tremor, rigidity, akinesia or postural instablity bradykinesia, and postural instability Treg regulatory T cell TRH thyrotropin releasing hormone (stimulation test) TRIC trachoma inclusion conjunctivitis (organism) trit. triturate, grind tRNA transfer RNA Trp tryptophan (and its radicals) TRUS transrectal ultrasound TSD time since death TSE testicular self-examination TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone TSS toxic shock syndrome TSTA tumor-specific transplantation antigen TT thrombin time TTE trans-thoracic echocardiogram TTP thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura tTG antitransglutaminase TU toxic unit; toxin unit; Tuberculin units TUMA transurethral microwave antenna TUR transurethral resection TURBT TUR bladder tumors TURP transurethral resection of the prostate TV tidal volume TVC true vocal cord TVH total vaginal hysterectomy TVUS transvaginal ultrasound tw twice a week Tx treatment; transplant; transfusion Tyr tyrosine (and its radicals) U uranium; uridine (in polymers); urinary (concentration) U a uranium; unit a UA urinalysis; uric acid UAC uric acid UAO upper airway obstruction UBD universal blood donor UC ulcerative colitis UCC urgent care center UCX urine culture ud use as directed UDP uridine diphosphate UDPG uridine diphosphate glucose UDS urodynamic study UE upper extremity UF ultra filtration UFH unfractionated heparin UGI upper gastrointestinal UGIS upper gastrointestinal series UHF ultrahigh frequency ult. praes. the last ordered Umb; umb; umbo umbilicus UMN upper motor neuron UMP uridine monophosphate (uridylic acid) ung. ointment UNSA unstable angina UO urine output u-PA urokinase UPEP urine protein electropheresis UPJ ureteropelvic junction UPPP uvulopalatopharyngeoplasty Urd uridine URI upper respiratory infection URQ upper right quandrant US ultrasonic, ultrasound USAN United States Adopted Name USP United States Pharmacopeia USPHS United States Public Health Service ut. dict. as directed UTD Up to date UTI urinary tract infection UTP uridine triphosphate UUN urinary urea nitrogen UV ultraviolet UVA ultraviolet A light UVB ultraviolet B light UVJ ureterovesical junction v vein; vomiting; venous; volt V vanadium; vision; visual (acuity); volt; volume V ventilation; gas flow VA alveolar ventilation VA visual acuity; viral antigen V-A ventriculoatrial VAD venous access device Val valine (and its radicals) V&P vagotomy and pyloroplasty Va/Q ventilation/perfusion ratio VATER vertebral defects, imperforate anus, tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, and radial and renal dysplasia VATS video assisted thoracoscopic surgery VAX vaccine VBAC vaginal birth after Cesarean section VBG venous blood gas VC vision, color; vital capacity; vocal cord VCE vagina, (ecto)cervix, endocervical canal VCUG voiding cystourethrogram V1CV6 unipolar precordial electrocardiogram chest leads VD venereal disease VD (physiologic) dead space VDRL Venereal Disease Research Laboratories VF ventricular fibrillation Vf field of vision VHDL very high density lipoprotein VIP vasoactive intestinal peptide VLBW very low birth weight VLDL very low density lipoprotein VMA vanillylmandelic acid Vmax maximal velocity VN Visiting Nurse, Vocational Nurse VO verbal or voice order VOE VistA-Office Electronic Health Record vol. volume vol % volume percent VORB verbal order read back VP ventriculo-peritoneal; vasopressin V/Q ventilation/perfusion VR vocal resonance VRE vancomycin-resistant enterococcus VS volumetric solution; vesicular sound; vital signs VSD ventricular septal defect VSS vital signs stable VT tidal volume VT ventricular tachycardia VV varicose veins VW vessel wall VWF Von Willebrand factor VZIG varicella zoster immune globulin VZV varicella zoster virus W tungsten w watt WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale WAP written action plan WB whole blood WBAT weight bearing as tolerated WBC white blood cell; white blood count WC Ward Clerk WD well developed WDLL well-differentiated lymphocytic (or lymphatic) lymphoma WDWN well-developed, well-nourished WEE western equine encephalomyelitis WF/BF white female/black female WH well-hydrated WHO World Health Organization WIA wounded in action WID widow, widower WM/BM white male/black male WN well-nourished WNL within normal limits WNV West Nile virus W/O without WO written order; weeks old; wide open WOP without pain W.P. whirlpool WPW Wolf-Parkinson-White wt. weight W-T-D wet to dry W/U work-up w/v. weight in volume x multiplied by; except X; Xao xanthosine X2D times two days Xe xenon 133Xe xenon 133 XI eleven XII twelve XL extended release; extra large XLR crossed leg raise XM crossmatch XMM xeromammography XOM extraocular movements XS excessive XRT X-ray therapy XU excretory urogram XULN times upper limit of normal y yocto- Y yttrium YAG yttrium-aluminum-garnet (laser) Yb ytterbium YF yellow fever YLC youngest living child yo years old yob year of birth yr year ytd year to date Z atomic number; carbobenzoxy (chloride) ZDV zidovudine ZE Zollinger-Ellison ZEEP zero end-expiratory pressure ZES Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Z-ESR zeta erythrocyte sedimentation rate Zn zinc 65Zn zinc 65 ZnO zinc oxide Zr zirconium ZSB zero stools since birth ZSR zeta sedimentation ratio