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Charles C. Chu, Ph.D.

Charles C. Chu, Ph.D.

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About Me

Dr. Charles Chu is a highly experienced and internationally recognized researcher in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and related lymphoid malignancies. His doctoral research in Genetics at the University of California, Berkeley concerned bacterial genes involved in DNA recombination in Eschericia...
Dr. Charles Chu is a highly experienced and internationally recognized researcher in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and related lymphoid malignancies. His doctoral research in Genetics at the University of California, Berkeley concerned bacterial genes involved in DNA recombination in Eschericia coli. Subsequently, Dr. Chu received postdoctoral training in immunology at the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease in the laboratory of Dr. William E. Paul, where he studied immunoglobulin class switching and interleukin-four induced genes. After joining the faculty at the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Dr. Chu became interested in CLL. In 2016 he was appointed to the faculty of the Wilmot Cancer Institute at the University of Rochester Medical Center as a Research Associate Professor of Medicine.

Faculty Appointments

Research Associate Professor - Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology (SMD)

Credentials

Post-doctoral Training & Residency

Post-Doctoral Fellowship in Immunology with Dr. William E. Paul at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 1988 - 1996

Education

PhD | University of California -- Berkeley. Genetics. 1988

BA | University of Chicago. Biology. 1981

Research

My laboratory research is primarily focused on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common adult leukemia in the Western world, with an estimated 20,110 new cases and 4,660 deaths for the year 2017 in the United States of America alone.

CLL is derived from a B lymphocyte, a cell that ...
My laboratory research is primarily focused on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common adult leukemia in the Western world, with an estimated 20,110 new cases and 4,660 deaths for the year 2017 in the United States of America alone.

CLL is derived from a B lymphocyte, a cell that normally produces antibodies that fight infections in the body. Individual B cells generally do not live long and typically make up a small fraction of white blood cells. However, in CLL, a single B cell abnormally begins to grow uncontrollably, resulting in a population of identical B cells, or a clonal expansion. This CLL clone grows and expands until it eventually makes up the majority of white blood cells. Because CLL is clonal, all the leukemic cells make the same antibody molecule.

Research by my lab and others have demonstrated that the characteristics of the unique antibody molecule found in individual CLL patients is key to understanding this disease. Furthermore, interfering with the signaling pathway downstream of this antibody in CLL cells leads to their elimination. While drugs that interfere with this pathway have provided some outstanding clinical responses in CLL, they have not proven to be curative. Therefore, my laboratory is undertaking further translational research into other mechanisms and cell types found in the leukemia microenvironment to aid in the treatment of CLL and other lymphoid malignancies.

Publications

Journal Articles

Long-term results of vaccination with adjuvanted recombinant varicella zoster glycoprotein E during initial Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia or lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.

Brady MT, Laniewski N, Strawderman M, Chu CC, Kanagaiah P, Sangster MY, Topham DJ, Friedberg JW, Zent CS

American journal of hematology.. 2023 October 98 (10):E288-E290. Epub 07/23/2023.

Antibody-mediated phagocytosis in cancer immunotherapy.

Van Wagoner CM, Rivera-Escalera F, Jaimes-Delgadillo NC, Chu CC, Zent CS, Elliott MR

Immunological reviews.. 2023 October 319 (1):128-141. Epub 08/21/2023.

Rituximab induced cytokine release with high serum IP-10 (CXCL10) concentrations is associated with infusion reactions.

Moore JE, Bloom PC, Chu CC, Bruno JE, Herne CA, Baran AM, Quataert SA, Mosmann TR, Taylor RP, Wallace DS, Elliott MR, Barr PM, Zent CS

Leukemia research.. 2023 June 129 :107072. Epub 03/29/2023.

The highly selective Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor acalabrutinib leaves macrophage phagocytosis intact.

Pinney JJ, Blick-Nitko SK, Baran AM, Peterson DR, Whitehead HE, Izumi R, Munugalavadla V, Van DerMeid KR, Barr PM, Zent CS, Elliott MR, Chu CC

Haematologica.. 2022 June 1107 (6):1460-1465. Epub 06/01/2022.

Moderate dose alcohol protects against serum amyloid protein A1-induced endothelial dysfunction via both notch-dependent and notch-independent pathways.

Rajendran NK, Liu W, Chu CC, Cahill PA, Redmond EM

Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research.. 2021 November 45 (11):2217-2230. Epub 09/29/2021.

Short term results of vaccination with adjuvanted recombinant varicella zoster glycoprotein E during initial BTK inhibitor therapy for CLL or lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.

Zent CS, Brady MT, Delage C, Strawderman M, Laniewski N, Contant PN, Kanagaiah P, Sangster MY, Barr PM, Chu CC, Topham DJ, Friedberg JW

Leukemia.. 2021 June 35 (6):1788-1791. Epub 10/30/2020.

Complement Activation in the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies.

Zent CS, Pinney JJ, Chu CC, Elliott MR

Antibodies.. 2020 December 19 (4)Epub 12/01/2020.

Macrophage hypophagia as a mechanism of innate immune exhaustion in mAb-induced cell clearance.

Pinney JJ, Rivera-Escalera F, Chu CC, Whitehead HE, VanDerMeid K, Nelson AM, Barbeau MC, Zent CS, Elliott MR

Blood.. 2020 October 29136 (18):2065-2079. Epub 1900 01 01.

High-resolution quantification of discrete phagocytic events by live cell time-lapse high-content microscopy imaging.

Chu CC, Pinney JJ, Whitehead HE, Rivera-Escalera F, VanDerMeid KR, Zent CS, Elliott MR

Journal of cell science.. 2020 March 5133 (5)Epub 03/05/2020.

High-resolution quantitation of discrete phagocytic events by live cell time-lapse high-content microscopy imaging.

Chu CC, Pinney JJ, Whitehead HE, Rivera-Escalera F, VanDerMeid KR, Zent CS, Elliott MR

Journal of cell science.. 2020 January 1 Epub 01/01/2020.

Cellular Cytotoxicity of Next-Generation CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies.

VanDerMeid KR, Elliott MR, Baran AM, Barr PM, Chu CC, Zent CS

Cancer immunology research.. 2018 October 6 (10):1150-1160. Epub 08/08/2018.

No improvement in long-term survival over time for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients in stereotyped subsets #1 and #2 treated with chemo(immuno)therapy.

Baliakas P, Mattsson M, Hadzidimitriou A, Minga E, Agathangelidis A, Sutton LA, Scarfo L, Davis Z, Yan XJ, Plevova K, Sandberg Y, Vojdeman FJ, Tzenou T, Chu CC, Veronese S, Mansouri L, Smedby KE, Giudicelli V, Nguyen-Khac F, Panagiotidis P, Juliusson G, Anagnostopoulos A, Lefranc MP, Trentin L, Catherwood M, Montillo M, Niemann CU, Langerak AW, Pospisilova S, Stavroyianni N, Chiorazzi N, Oscier D, Jelinek DF, Shanafelt T, Darzentas N, Belessi C, Davi F, Ghia P, Rosenquist R, Stamatopoulos K

Haematologica.. 2018 April 103 (4):e158-e161. Epub 12/21/2017.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with Mutated IGHV4-34 Receptors: Shared and Distinct Immunogenetic Features and Clinical Outcomes.

Xochelli A, Baliakas P, Kavakiotis I, Agathangelidis A, Sutton LA, Minga E, Ntoufa S, Tausch E, Yan XJ, Shanafelt TD, Plevova K, Boudjogra M, Rossi D, Davis Z, Navarro A, Sandberg Y, Vojdeman FJ, Scarfò L, Stavroyianni N, Sudarikov A, Veronese S, Tzenou T, Karan Djurasevic T, Catherwood MA, Kienle D, Chatzouli M, Facco M, Bahlo J, Pott C, Pedersen LB, Mansouri L, Smedby KE, Chu CC, Giudicelli V, Lefranc MP, Panagiotidis P, Juliusson G, Anagnostopoulos A, Vlahavas I, Antic D, Trentin L, Montillo M, Niemann CU, Dohner H, Langerak AW, Pospisilova S, Hallek M, Campo E, Chiorazzi N, Maglaveras N, Oscier D, Gaidano G, Jelinek DF, Stilgenbauer S, Chouvarda I, Darzentas N, Belessi C, Davi F, Hadzidimitriou A, Rosenquist R, Ghia P, Stamatopoulos K

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.. 2017 September 123 (17):5292-5301. Epub 05/23/2017.

Binding of CLL subset 4 B-cell receptor immunoglobulins to viable human memory B lymphocytes requires a distinctive IGKV somatic mutation.

Catera R, Liu Y, Gao C, Yan XJ, Magli A, Allen SL, Kolitz JE, Rai KR, Chu CC, Feizi T, Stamatopoulos K, Chiorazzi N

Molecular medicine.. 2017 March 23 :1-12. Epub 01/12/2017.

The Number of Overlapping AID Hotspots in Germline IGHV Genes Is Inversely Correlated with Mutation Frequency in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Yuan C, Chu CC, Yan XJ, Bagnara D, Chiorazzi N, MacCarthy T

PloS one.. 2017 12 (1):e0167602. Epub 01/26/2017.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia immunoglobulins display bacterial reactivity that converges and diverges from auto-/poly-reactivity and IGHV mutation status.

Hatzi K, Catera R, Moreno Atanasio C, Fischetti VA, Allen SL, Kolitz JE, Rai KR, Chu CC, Chiorazzi N

Clinical immunology : the official journal of the Clinical Immunology Society.. 2016 November 172 :44-51. Epub 08/29/2016.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells diversify and differentiate in vivo via a nonclassical Th1-dependent, Bcl-6-deficient process.

Patten PE, Ferrer G, Chen SS, Simone R, Marsilio S, Yan XJ, Gitto Z, Yuan C, Kolitz JE, Barrientos J, Allen SL, Rai KR, MacCarthy T, Chu CC, Chiorazzi N

JCI insight.. 2016 April 71 (4)Epub 1900 01 01.

Cytoplasmic myosin-exposed apoptotic cells appear with caspase-3 activation and enhance CLL cell viability.

Cui X, Zhang L, Magli AR, Catera R, Yan XJ, Griffin DO, Rothstein TL, Barrientos J, Kolitz JE, Allen SL, Rai KR, Chiorazzi N, Chu CC

Leukemia.. 2016 January 30 (1):74-85. Epub 07/29/2015.

TLR-9 and IL-15 Synergy Promotes the In Vitro Clonal Expansion of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B Cells.

Mongini PK, Gupta R, Boyle E, Nieto J, Lee H, Stein J, Bandovic J, Stankovic T, Barrientos J, Kolitz JE, Allen SL, Rai K, Chu CC, Chiorazzi N

The Journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists.. 2015 August 1195 (3):901-23. Epub 07/01/2015.

Excessive antigen reactivity may underlie the clinical aggressiveness of chronic lymphocytic leukemia stereotyped subset #8.

Gounari M, Ntoufa S, Apollonio B, Papakonstantinou N, Ponzoni M, Chu CC, Rossi D, Gaidano G, Chiorazzi N, Stamatopoulos K, Ghia P

Blood.. 2015 June 4125 (23):3580-7. Epub 04/21/2015.

A novel engineered VEGF blocker with an excellent pharmacokinetic profile and robust anti-tumor activity.

Liu L, Yu H, Huang X, Tan H, Li S, Luo Y, Zhang L, Jiang S, Jia H, Xiong Y, Zhang R, Huang Y, Chu CC, Tian W

BMC cancer.. 2015 March 2515 :170. Epub 03/25/2015.

Not all IGHV3-21 chronic lymphocytic leukemias are equal: prognostic considerations.

Baliakas P, Agathangelidis A, Hadzidimitriou A, Sutton LA, Minga E, Tsanousa A, Scarfò L, Davis Z, Yan XJ, Shanafelt T, Plevova K, Sandberg Y, Vojdeman FJ, Boudjogra M, Tzenou T, Chatzouli M, Chu CC, Veronese S, Gardiner A, Mansouri L, Smedby KE, Pedersen LB, Moreno D, Van Lom K, Giudicelli V, Francova HS, Nguyen-Khac F, Panagiotidis P, Juliusson G, Angelis L, Anagnostopoulos A, Lefranc MP, Facco M, Trentin L, Catherwood M, Montillo M, Geisler CH, Langerak AW, Pospisilova S, Chiorazzi N, Oscier D, Jelinek DF, Darzentas N, Belessi C, Davi F, Ghia P, Rosenquist R, Stamatopoulos K

Blood.. 2015 January 29125 (5):856-9. Epub 12/17/2014.

Clinical effect of stereotyped B-cell receptor immunoglobulins in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a retrospective multicentre study.

Baliakas P, Hadzidimitriou A, Sutton LA, Minga E, Agathangelidis A, Nichelatti M, Tsanousa A, Scarfò L, Davis Z, Yan XJ, Shanafelt T, Plevova K, Sandberg Y, Vojdeman FJ, Boudjogra M, Tzenou T, Chatzouli M, Chu CC, Veronese S, Gardiner A, Mansouri L, Smedby KE, Pedersen LB, van Lom K, Giudicelli V, Francova HS, Nguyen-Khac F, Panagiotidis P, Juliusson G, Angelis L, Anagnostopoulos A, Lefranc MP, Facco M, Trentin L, Catherwood M, Montillo M, Geisler CH, Langerak AW, Pospisilova S, Chiorazzi N, Oscier D, Jelinek DF, Darzentas N, Belessi C, Davi F, Rosenquist R, Ghia P, Stamatopoulos K

The Lancet. Haematology.. 2014 November 1 (2):e74-84. Epub 11/03/2014.

IGHV1-69 B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia antibodies cross-react with HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus antigens as well as intestinal commensal bacteria.

Hwang KK, Trama AM, Kozink DM, Chen X, Wiehe K, Cooper AJ, Xia SM, Wang M, Marshall DJ, Whitesides J, Alam M, Tomaras GD, Allen SL, Rai KR, McKeating J, Catera R, Yan XJ, Chu CC, Kelsoe G, Liao HX, Chiorazzi N, Haynes BF

PloS one.. 2014 9 (3):e90725. Epub 03/10/2014.

Association between B-cell receptor responsiveness and disease progression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results from single cell network profiling studies.

Cesano A, Perbellini O, Evensen E, Chu CC, Cioffi F, Ptacek J, Damle RN, Chignola R, Cordeiro J, Yan XJ, Hawtin RE, Nichele I, Ware JR, Cavallini C, Lovato O, Zanotti R, Rai KR, Chiorazzi N, Pizzolo G, Scupoli MT

Haematologica.. 2013 April 98 (4):626-34. Epub 11/09/2012.

IGHV-unmutated and IGHV-mutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells produce activation-induced deaminase protein with a full range of biologic functions.

Patten PE, Chu CC, Albesiano E, Damle RN, Yan XJ, Kim D, Zhang L, Magli AR, Barrientos J, Kolitz JE, Allen SL, Rai KR, Roa S, Mongini PK, MacCarthy T, Scharff MD, Chiorazzi N

Blood.. 2012 December 6120 (24):4802-11. Epub 10/15/2012.

Stereotyped B-cell receptors in one-third of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a molecular classification with implications for targeted therapies.

Agathangelidis A, Darzentas N, Hadzidimitriou A, Brochet X, Murray F, Yan XJ, Davis Z, van Gastel-Mol EJ, Tresoldi C, Chu CC, Cahill N, Giudicelli V, Tichy B, Pedersen LB, Foroni L, Bonello L, Janus A, Smedby K, Anagnostopoulos A, Merle-Beral H, Laoutaris N, Juliusson G, di Celle PF, Pospisilova S, Jurlander J, Geisler C, Tsaftaris A, Lefranc MP, Langerak AW, Oscier DG, Chiorazzi N, Belessi C, Davi F, Rosenquist R, Ghia P, Stamatopoulos K

Blood.. 2012 May 10119 (19):4467-75. Epub 03/13/2012.

Enhanced outgrowth of EBV-transformed chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells mediated by coculture with macrophage feeder cells.

Hwang KK, Chen X, Kozink DM, Gustilo M, Marshall DJ, Whitesides JF, Liao HX, Catera R, Chu CC, Yan XJ, Luftig MA, Haynes BF, Chiorazzi N

Blood.. 2012 February 16119 (7):e35-44. Epub 12/12/2011.

Mutation pattern of paired immunoglobulin heavy and light variable domains in chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells.

Ghiotto F, Marcatili P, Tenca C, Calevo MG, Yan XJ, Albesiano E, Bagnara D, Colombo M, Cutrona G, Chu CC, Morabito F, Bruno S, Ferrarini M, Tramontano A, Fais F, Chiorazzi N

Molecular medicine.. 2011 17 (11-12):1188-95. Epub 07/13/2011.

Torque teno virus 10 isolated by genome amplification techniques from a patient with concomitant chronic lymphocytic leukemia and polycythemia vera.

Chu CC, Zhang L, Dhayalan A, Agagnina BM, Magli AR, Fraher G, Didier S, Johnson LP, Kennedy WJ, Damle RN, Yan XJ, Patten PE, Teichberg S, Koduru P, Kolitz JE, Allen SL, Rai KR, Chiorazzi N

Molecular medicine.. 2011 17 (11-12):1338-48. Epub 09/21/2011.

Many chronic lymphocytic leukemia antibodies recognize apoptotic cells with exposed nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA: implications for patient outcome and cell of origin.

Chu CC, Catera R, Zhang L, Didier S, Agagnina BM, Damle RN, Kaufman MS, Kolitz JE, Allen SL, Rai KR, Chiorazzi N

Blood.. 2010 May 13115 (19):3907-15. Epub 01/28/2010.

Characterization of structurally defined epitopes recognized by monoclonal antibodies produced by chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells.

Seiler T, Woelfle M, Yancopoulos S, Catera R, Li W, Hatzi K, Moreno C, Torres M, Paul S, Dohner H, Stilgenbauer S, Kaufman MS, Kolitz JE, Allen SL, Rai KR, Chu CC, Chiorazzi N

Blood.. 2009 October 22114 (17):3615-24. Epub 08/18/2009.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia antibodies with a common stereotypic rearrangement recognize nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA.

Chu CC, Catera R, Hatzi K, Yan XJ, Zhang L, Wang XB, Fales HM, Allen SL, Kolitz JE, Rai KR, Chiorazzi N

Blood.. 2008 December 15112 (13):5122-9. Epub 09/23/2008.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells recognize conserved epitopes associated with apoptosis and oxidation.

Catera R, Silverman GJ, Hatzi K, Seiler T, Didier S, Zhang L, Hervé M, Meffre E, Oscier DG, Vlassara H, Scofield RH, Chen Y, Allen SL, Kolitz J, Rai KR, Chu CC, Chiorazzi N

Molecular medicine.. 2008 14 (11-12):665-74. Epub 09/25/2008.

Voltage-dependent calcium channels in mammalian spermatozoa revisited.

Benoff S, Chu CC, Marmar JL, Sokol RZ, Goodwin LO, Hurley IR

Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library.. 2007 January 112 :1420-49. Epub 01/01/2007.

Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of interleukin-10 by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography.

Guzowski D, Chandrasekaran A, Gawel C, Palma J, Koenig J, Wang XP, Dosik M, Kaplan M, Chu CC, Chavan S, Furie R, Albesiano E, Chiorazzi N, Goodwin L

Journal of biomolecular techniques : JBT.. 2005 June 16 (2):154-66. Epub 1900 01 01.

Adenosine A2A receptor stimulation increases angiogenesis by down-regulating production of the antiangiogenic matrix protein thrombospondin 1.

Desai A, Victor-Vega C, Gadangi S, Montesinos MC, Chu CC, Cronstein BN

Molecular pharmacology.. 2005 May 67 (5):1406-13. Epub 01/26/2005.

IL-4-induced gene-1 is a leukocyte L-amino acid oxidase with an unusual acidic pH preference and lysosomal localization.

Mason JM, Naidu MD, Barcia M, Porti D, Chavan SS, Chu CC

The Journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists.. 2004 October 1173 (7):4561-7. Epub 1900 01 01.

Diversification of the Ig variable region gene repertoire of synovial B lymphocytes by nucleotide insertion and deletion.

Miura Y, Chu CC, Dines DM, Asnis SE, Furie RA, Chiorazzi N

Molecular medicine.. 2003 9 (5-8):166-74. Epub 1900 01 01.

ILG1 : a new integrase-like gene that is a marker of bacterial contamination by the laboratory Escherichia coli strain TOP10F'.

Tian W, Chua K, Strober W, Chu CC

Molecular medicine.. 2002 July 8 (7):405-16. Epub 1900 01 01.

Characterization of the human homolog of the IL-4 induced gene-1 (Fig1).

Chavan SS, Tian W, Hsueh K, Jawaheer D, Gregersen PK, Chu CC

Biochimica et biophysica acta.. 2002 June 71576 (1-2):70-80. Epub 1900 01 01.

A role for the polymorphism at position 247 of the beta2-glycoprotein I gene in the generation of anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies in the antiphospholipid syndrome.

Hirose N, Williams R, Alberts AR, Furie RA, Chartash EK, Jain RI, Sison C, Lahita RG, Merrill JT, Cucurull E, Gharavi AE, Sammaritano LR, Salmon JE, Hashimoto S, Sawada T, Chu CC, Gregersen PK, Chiorazzi N

Arthritis and rheumatism.. 1999 August 42 (8):1655-61. Epub 1900 01 01.

Expressed genes in interleukin-4 treated B cells identified by cDNA representational difference analysis.

Chu CC, Paul WE

Molecular immunology.. 1998 June 35 (8):487-502. Epub 1900 01 01.

Fig1, an interleukin 4-induced mouse B cell gene isolated by cDNA representational difference analysis.

Chu CC, Paul WE

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.. 1997 March 1894 (6):2507-12. Epub 1900 01 01.

Lack of IL-4-induced Th2 response and IgE class switching in mice with disrupted Stat6 gene.

Shimoda K, van Deursen J, Sangster MY, Sarawar SR, Carson RT, Tripp RA, Chu C, Quelle FW, Nosaka T, Vignali DA, Doherty PC, Grosveld G, Paul WE, Ihle JN

Nature.. 1996 April 18380 (6575):630-3. Epub 1900 01 01.

IL-2 inhibits IL-4-dependent IgE and IgG1 production in vitro and in vivo.

Nakanishi K, Yoshimoto T, Chu CC, Matsumoto H, Hase K, Nagai N, Tanaka T, Miyasaka M, Paul WE, Shinka S

International immunology.. 1995 February 7 (2):259-68. Epub 1900 01 01.

Transcription of the Escherichia coli recE gene from a promoter in Tn5 and IS50.

Clark AJ, Satin L, Chu CC

Journal of bacteriology.. 1994 November 176 (22):7024-31. Epub 1900 01 01.

Genetic and molecular analyses of the C-terminal region of the recE gene from the Rac prophage of Escherichia coli K-12 reveal the recT gene.

Clark AJ, Sharma V, Brenowitz S, Chu CC, Sandler S, Satin L, Templin A, Berger I, Cohen A

Journal of bacteriology.. 1993 December 175 (23):7673-82. Epub 1900 01 01.

Interleukin 5 induces S mu-S gamma 1 DNA rearrangement in B cells activated with dextran-anti-IgD antibodies and interleukin 4: a three component model for Ig class switching.

Mandler R, Chu CC, Paul WE, Max EE, Snapper CM

The Journal of experimental medicine.. 1993 November 1178 (5):1577-86. Epub 1900 01 01.

DNA rearrangement can account for in vitro switching to IgG1.

Chu CC, Max EE, Paul WE

The Journal of experimental medicine.. 1993 October 1178 (4):1381-90. Epub 1900 01 01.

Quantitation of immunoglobulin mu-gamma 1 heavy chain switch region recombination by a digestion-circularization polymerase chain reaction method.

Chu CC, Paul WE, Max EE

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.. 1992 August 189 (15):6978-82. Epub 1900 01 01.

An antisense oligonucleotide complementary to a sequence in I gamma 2b increases gamma 2b germline transcripts, stimulates B cell DNA synthesis, and inhibits immunoglobulin secretion.

Tanaka T, Chu CC, Paul WE

The Journal of experimental medicine.. 1992 February 1175 (2):597-607. Epub 1900 01 01.

Extended nucleotide sequence of the switch region of the murine gene encoding immunoglobulin E.

Scappino LA, Chu C, Gritzmacher CA

Gene.. 1991 March 1599 (2):295-6. Epub 1900 01 01.

Physical analysis of spontaneous and mutagen-induced mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 expressing DNA exonuclease VIII activity.

Mahajan SK, Chu CC, Willis DK, Templin A, Clark AJ

Genetics.. 1990 June 125 (2):261-73. Epub 1900 01 01.

A 10- rather than 9-bp duplication associated with insertion of Tn5 in Escherichia coli K-12.

Chu CC, Clark AJ

Plasmid.. 1989 November 22 (3):260-4. Epub 1900 01 01.

Suppression of a frameshift mutation in the recE gene of Escherichia coli K-12 occurs by gene fusion.

Chu CC, Templin A, Clark AJ

Journal of bacteriology.. 1989 April 171 (4):2101-9. Epub 1900 01 01.

Genes of the RecE and RecF pathways of conjugational recombination in Escherichia coli.

Clark AJ, Sandler SJ, Willis DK, Chu CC, Blanar MA, Lovett ST

Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.. 1984 49 :453-62. Epub 1900 01 01.

Books

15th International Congress of Immunology (2014)

Chapter: Detection of de novo IGHV mutations by ultra-deep sequencing from in vitro activated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells: Evidence for activation-induced deaminase function

Authors: Chu, C.C.; Patten, P.E.M.; MacCarthy, T.; Yan, X.-J.; Kolitz, J.E.; Allen, S.L.; Barrientos, J.C.; Rai, K.R; Chiorazzi,N.;

Publisher: Medimond S.r.l., Monduzzi Editore, Bologna, Italy 2014

Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Advanced Diagnostics and Personalized Therapies (2013)

Chapter: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma

Authors: Patten, P.E.M.; Chu, C.C.; Chiorazzi, N.;

Publisher: Future Medicine Ltd, London, UK 2013

13th International Congress of Immunology (2007)

Chapter: Plasma from a B-cell chronic lymphocytic patient with polycythemia vera contains viral and bacterial DNA

Authors: Chu, C.C.; Zhang, L.; Teichberg, S.; Allen, S.L.; Rai, K.R.; Chiorazzi, N.;

Publisher: Medimond S.r.l., Monduzzi Editore, Bologna, Italy 2007

Immunology 2004 (2004)

Chapter: Interleukin-4 induced gene-1 (IL4I1) may affect antigen presenting cell function

Authors: Chavan, S.S.; Mason, J.M.; Porti, D.; Barcia, M.; Chu, C.C.;

Publisher: Medimond S.r.l., Monduzzi Editore, Bologna, Italy 2004

Current Protocols in Immunology (1994)

Chapter: Detection of Isotype Switch Rearrangement in Bulk Culture by PCR

Authors: Max, E.E.; Mills, F.C.; Chu, C.;

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY 1994