Anal Cancer

What is Anal Cancer?

Anal cancer is caused by malignant cells in the tissues of the anal canal. The anal canal is where stool passes through as it leaves the body. Most anal cancers are caused by HPV, a virus that is passed through intimate contact. Anal cancer rarely spreads to other parts of the body. Cancer of the outer part of the anus is more likely to occur in men, while cancer of the inner part of the rectum occurs more often in women.

Symptoms of Anal Cancer

Common symptoms of anal cancer include:

Bleeding
Blood in stool
Pain or pressure
Itching or discharge
A lump near the anus
Needing to use the bathroom more often

Risk Factors of Anal Cancer

There are certain risk factors linked to anal cancer, including:

Having HPV (human papillomavirus) increases the chances of developing one type of anal cancer.
Smoking: The carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke are linked to a higher risk of developing cancer.
People with weakened immune systems, such as transplant patients or people with various types of chronic illnesses, are at a higher risk for developing anal cancer.
Most people with anal cancer are over 50 years old.

UR Medicine's Treatments for Anal Cancer

To confirm a diagnosis, your provider will first do a digital rectal exam to feel for growths. They may also do an anoscopy which uses a thin, flexible tube to examine the inside of the anal canal. Depending on their findings, they may suggest imaging tests and a biopsy.

Treatment for anal cancer may include:

Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
Surgery
Immunotherapy

Wilmot Cancer Institute is the regional leader in colorectal cancer treatment.

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What Sets Us Apart?

At UR Medicine’s Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, patients receive advanced, specialized care for all stages of colorectal disease. Our board-certified surgeons are experts in minimally invasive techniques, including exclusive options like TEMS for rectal cancer. A dedicated team of specialists collaborates on personalized treatment plans, especially for cancer cases, ensuring comprehensive, multidisciplinary care. As the area’s only academic medical center, we offer patients access to innovative treatments through active research and clinical trials, all within a compassionate, patient-centered environment.

Wilmot Cancer Institute is committed to providing the highest-quality treatment and care for any patient burdened by cancer within our region and beyond. We conduct pivotal research to prevent and conquer cancer through innovation in science, patient care, education, and community outreach.