Dr. Monaco received her MD and PhD degrees at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, and her Internal Medicine Residency and Infectious Diseases Fellowship at Washington University in St. Louis. She continued there as faculty in the Department of Medicine at Washington University from 2015 to 2017. She then joined the faculty of the Division of Infectious Diseases at the University of Rochester Medical Center in 2017, where she continues to pursue microbiome research and sees inpatient ID consults.

Certified Specialties

Infectious Disease - American Board of Internal Medicine

Internal Medicine - American Board of Internal Medicine

Faculty Appointments

Assistant Professor - Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases (SMD)

Assistant Professor - Department of Microbiology and Immunology (SMD) - Joint

Credentials

Residency & Fellowship

Fellowship, Infectious Disease, Barnes Jewish Hospital. 2011 - 2015

Residency, Internal Medicine, Barnes Jewish Hospital. 2010 - 2011

Internship, Internal Medicine, Barnes Jewish Hospital. 2009 - 2010

Education

MD | University of Texas Southwestern Medical School. 2009

Research

Dr. Monaco's research involves elucidating components of the bacterial and viral microbiome in healthy and disease states using next-generation sequencing. She has shown that severe immunodeficiency in AIDS correlated with an expanded enteric virome and altered bacterial microbiome in a sub-Saharan cohort. She additionally is collaborating with colleagues at other institutions to study the lung microbiome in transplant recipients.

Research Lab

Monaco Lab

Visit Research Lab Website

Publications

Journal Articles

Safety and Immunogenicity of a DNA Vaccine With Subtype C gp120 Protein Adjuvanted With MF59 or AS01B: A Phase 1/2a HIV-1 Vaccine Trial.

Garrett N, Dintwe O, Monaco CL, Jones M, Seaton KE, Church EC, Grunenberg N, Hutter J, deCamp A, Huang Y, Lu H, Mann P, Robinson ST, Heptinstall J, Jensen RL, Pantaleo G, Ding S, Koutsoukos M, Hosseinipour MC, Van Der Meeren O, Gilbert PB, Ferrari G, Andersen-Nissen E, McElrath MJ, Tomaras GD, Gray GE, Corey L, Kublin JG,

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes : JAIDS.. 2024 August 196 (4):350-360. Epub 06/21/2024.

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Nasopharynx at Time of First Infection Among Unvaccinated Individuals: A Secondary Cross-Protocol Analysis of 4 Randomized Trials.

Fisher LH, Kee JJ, Liu A, Espinosa CM, Randhawa AK, Ludwig J, Magaret CA, Robinson ST, Gilbert PB, Hyrien O, Kublin JG, Rouphael N, Falsey AR, Sobieszczyk ME, El Sahly HM, Grinsztejn B, Gray GE, Kotloff KL, Gay CL, Leav B, Hirsch I, Struyf F, Dunkle LM, Neuzil KM, Corey L, Huang Y, Goepfert PA, Walsh SR, Baden LR, Janes H

JAMA network open.. 2024 May 17 (5):e2412835. Epub 05/01/2024.

Gut microbiome in the first 1000 days and risk for childhood food allergy.

Davis EC, Monaco C, Insel R, Järvinen KM

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology.. 2024 March 16 Epub 03/16/2024.

Safety and immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine with subtype C gp120 protein adjuvanted with MF59® or AS01B: a phase 1/2a HIV-1 vaccine trial

Garrett, N.; Dintwe, O.; Monaco, C. L.; Jones, M.; Seaton, K. E.; Church, E. C.; Grunenberg, N.; Hutter, J.; deCamp, A.; Huang, Y.; Lu, H.; Mann, P.; Robinson, S. T.; Heptinstall, J.; Jensen, R. L.; Pantaleo, G.; Ding, S.; Koutsoukos, M.; Hosseinipour, M.C.; Van Der Meeren, O.; Gilbert, P.B.; Ferrari, G.M.;Andersen-Nissen, E. ; McElrath, M.J.; Tomaras, G.D.; Gray, G.E.; Corey, L.; Kublin, J.G.; on behalf of the HVTN 108 and HVTN 111 Study Teams.

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 2024; .

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination.

Rick AM, Laurens MB, Huang Y, Yu C, Martin TCS, Rodriguez CA, Rostad CA, Maboa RM, Baden LR, El Sahly HM, Grinsztejn B, Gray GE, Gay CL, Gilbert PB, Janes HE, Kublin JG, Huang Y, Leav B, Hirsch I, Struyf F, Dunkle LM, Neuzil KM, Corey L, Goepfert PA, Walsh SR, Follmann D, Kotloff KL,

EBioMedicine.. 2023 October 96 :104799. Epub 09/20/2023.

Clinical and Demographic Factors Associated With COVID-19, Severe COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Adults: A Secondary Cross-Protocol Analysis of 4 Randomized Clinical Trials.

Theodore DA, Branche AR, Zhang L, Graciaa DS, Choudhary M, Hatlen TJ, Osman R, Babu TM, Robinson ST, Gilbert PB, Follmann D, Janes H, Kublin JG, Baden LR, Goepfert P, Gray GE, Grinsztejn B, Kotloff KL, Gay CL, Leav B, Miller J, Hirsch I, Sadoff J, Dunkle LM, Neuzil KM, Corey L, Falsey AR, El Sahly HM, Sobieszczyk ME, Huang Y,

JAMA network open.. 2023 July 36 (7):e2323349. Epub 07/03/2023.

The comorbidity of depression and neurocognitive disorder in persons with HIV infection: call for investigation and treatment.

Goodkin K, Evering TH, Anderson AM, Ragin A, Monaco CL, Gavegnano C, Avery RJ, Rourke SB, Cysique LA, Brew BJ

Frontiers in cellular neuroscience.. 2023 17 :1130938. Epub 04/28/2023.

HIV, AIDS, and the virome: Gut reactions.

Monaco CL

Cell host & microbe.. 2022 April 1330 (4):466-470. Epub 1900 01 01.

Transkingdom Analysis of the Female Reproductive Tract Reveals Bacteriophages form Communities.

Madere FS, Sohn M, Winbush AK, Barr B, Grier A, Palumbo C, Java J, Meiring T, Williamson AL, Bekker LG, Adler DH, Monaco CL

Viruses.. 2022 February 1914 (2)Epub 02/19/2022.

The female reproductive tract virome: understanding the dynamic role of viruses in gynecological health and disease.

Madere FS, Monaco CL

Current opinion in virology.. 2022 February 52 :15-23. Epub 11/17/2021.

Phase 3 Safety and Efficacy of AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Covid-19 Vaccine.

Falsey AR, Sobieszczyk ME, Hirsch I, Sproule S, Robb ML, Corey L, Neuzil KM, Hahn W, Hunt J, Mulligan MJ, McEvoy C, DeJesus E, Hassman M, Little SJ, Pahud BA, Durbin A, Pickrell P, Daar ES, Bush L, Solis J, Carr QO, Oyedele T, Buchbinder S, Cowden J, Vargas SL, Benavides AG, Call R, Keefer MC, Kirkpatrick BD, Pullman J, Tong T, Isaacs MB, Benkeser D, Janes HE, Nason MC, Green JA, Kelly EJ, Maaske J, Mueller N, Shoemaker K, Takas T, Marshall RP, Pangalos MN, Villafana T, Gonzalez-Lopez A,

The New England journal of medicine.. 2021 December 16385 (25):2348-2360. Epub 09/29/2021.

Two Randomized Trials of Neutralizing Antibodies to Prevent HIV-1 Acquisition.

Corey L, Gilbert PB, Juraska M, Montefiori DC, Morris L, Karuna ST, Edupuganti S, Mgodi NM, deCamp AC, Rudnicki E, Huang Y, Gonzales P, Cabello R, Orrell C, Lama JR, Laher F, Lazarus EM, Sanchez J, Frank I, Hinojosa J, Sobieszczyk ME, Marshall KE, Mukwekwerere PG, Makhema J, Baden LR, Mullins JI, Williamson C, Hural J, McElrath MJ, Bentley C, Takuva S, Gomez Lorenzo MM, Burns DN, Espy N, Randhawa AK, Kochar N, Piwowar-Manning E, Donnell DJ, Sista N, Andrew P, Kublin JG, Gray G, Ledgerwood JE, Mascola JR, Cohen MS,

The New England journal of medicine.. 2021 March 18384 (11):1003-1014. Epub 1900 01 01.

Next-generation Sequencing of the DNA Virome from Fecal Samples.

Monaco CL, Kwon DS

Bio-protocol.. 2017 March 57 (5)Epub 1900 01 01.

Altered Virome and Bacterial Microbiome in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

Monaco CL, Gootenberg DB, Zhao G, Handley SA, Ghebremichael MS, Lim ES, Lankowski A, Baldridge MT, Wilen CB, Flagg M, Norman JM, Keller BC, Luévano JM, Wang D, Boum Y, Martin JN, Hunt PW, Bangsberg DR, Siedner MJ, Kwon DS, Virgin HW

Cell host & microbe.. 2016 March 919 (3):311-22. Epub 1900 01 01.

SIV Infection-Mediated Changes in Gastrointestinal Bacterial Microbiome and Virome Are Associated with Immunodeficiency and Prevented by Vaccination.

Handley SA, Desai C, Zhao G, Droit L, Monaco CL, Schroeder AC, Nkolola JP, Norman ME, Miller AD, Wang D, Barouch DH, Virgin HW

Cell host & microbe.. 2016 March 919 (3):323-35. Epub 1900 01 01.

Criteria for reducing unnecessary testing for herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and enterovirus in cerebrospinal fluid samples from adults.

Wilen CB, Monaco CL, Hoppe-Bauer J, Jackups R, Bucelli RC, Burnham CA

Journal of clinical microbiology.. 2015 March 53 (3):887-95. Epub 01/07/2015.

Disease-specific alterations in the enteric virome in inflammatory bowel disease.

Norman JM, Handley SA, Baldridge MT, Droit L, Liu CY, Keller BC, Kambal A, Monaco CL, Zhao G, Fleshner P, Stappenbeck TS, McGovern DP, Keshavarzian A, Mutlu EA, Sauk J, Gevers D, Xavier RJ, Wang D, Parkes M, Virgin HW

Cell.. 2015 January 29160 (3):447-60. Epub 01/22/2015.

Functional and therapeutic analysis of hepatitis C virus NS3.4A protease control of antiviral immune defense.

Johnson CL, Owen DM, Gale M

The Journal of biological chemistry.. 2007 April 6282 (14):10792-803. Epub 02/08/2007.

Regulation of innate antiviral defenses through a shared repressor domain in RIG-I and LGP2.

Saito T, Hirai R, Loo YM, Owen D, Johnson CL, Sinha SC, Akira S, Fujita T, Gale M

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.. 2007 January 9104 (2):582-7. Epub 12/26/2006.

Innate immune evasion by hepatitis C virus and West Nile virus.

Keller BC, Johnson CL, Erickson AK, Gale M

Cytokine & growth factor reviews.. 2007 18 (5-6):535-44. Epub 08/16/2007.

RalB GTPase-mediated activation of the IkappaB family kinase TBK1 couples innate immune signaling to tumor cell survival.

Chien Y, Kim S, Bumeister R, Loo YM, Kwon SW, Johnson CL, Balakireva MG, Romeo Y, Kopelovich L, Gale M, Yeaman C, Camonis JH, Zhao Y, White MA

Cell.. 2006 October 6127 (1):157-70. Epub 1900 01 01.

Viral and therapeutic control of IFN-beta promoter stimulator 1 during hepatitis C virus infection.

Loo YM, Owen DM, Li K, Erickson AK, Johnson CL, Fish PM, Carney DS, Wang T, Ishida H, Yoneyama M, Fujita T, Saito T, Lee WM, Hagedorn CH, Lau DT, Weinman SA, Lemon SM, Gale M

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.. 2006 April 11103 (15):6001-6. Epub 04/03/2006.

CARD games between virus and host get a new player.

Johnson CL, Gale M

Trends in immunology.. 2006 January 27 (1):1-4. Epub 11/23/2005.

Control of antiviral defenses through hepatitis C virus disruption of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I signaling.

Foy E, Li K, Sumpter R, Loo YM, Johnson CL, Wang C, Fish PM, Yoneyama M, Fujita T, Lemon SM, Gale M

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.. 2005 February 22102 (8):2986-91. Epub 02/14/2005.

Galpha-mediated inhibition of developmental signal response.

Brzostowski JA, Johnson C, Kimmel AR

Current biology : CB.. 2002 July 2312 (14):1199-208. Epub 1900 01 01.

Replication of Chilo iridescent virus in the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, and development of an infectivity assay.

Henderson CW, Johnson CL, Lodhi SA, Bilimoria SL

Archives of virology.. 2001 146 (4):767-75. Epub 1900 01 01.

Books

The Washington Manual Infectious Disease Subspecialty Consult (2013)

Chapter: Infection in the Non-HIV Immunocompromised Host

Authors: Johnson, Cynthia; Santos, Carlos

Publisher: Washington University Press 2013

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